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Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology
Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition
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Capitolo 20, Problema 7

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?
a. AAGG TTCC
b. GGCC CCGG
c. ACCA TGGT
d. AAAA TTTT

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1
Understand that restriction enzymes recognize specific sequences in DNA, often palindromic sequences, which are the same when read 5' to 3' on both strands.
Examine each option to determine if it is a palindromic sequence. A palindromic sequence reads the same forwards and backwards on complementary strands.
Option a: AAGG TTCC is not palindromic because the sequence does not read the same forwards and backwards.
Option b: GGCC CCGG is palindromic because when you read the sequence 5' to 3' on both strands, it is the same.
Option c: ACCA TGGT and option d: AAAA TTTT are not palindromic. ACCA TGGT does not read the same forwards and backwards, and AAAA TTTT, while symmetrical, is not typically recognized by restriction enzymes.

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Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize short, palindromic DNA sequences, which are the same when read forwards and backwards on complementary strands. They are essential tools in molecular biology for DNA manipulation and cloning.
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1a) Use Restriction Enzymes

Palindromic Sequences

A palindromic sequence in DNA is a sequence of nucleotides that reads the same in both directions on complementary strands. For example, the sequence 'GAATTC' is palindromic because its complementary strand is 'CTTAAG', which reads the same in reverse. These sequences are often recognized by restriction enzymes as cutting sites.
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Dideoxy Sequencing

DNA Double Helix Structure

The DNA double helix consists of two complementary strands of nucleotides twisted around each other. Each strand is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that pair specifically (A with T, C with G). Understanding this structure is crucial for identifying palindromic sequences and restriction enzyme sites.
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Discovering the Structure of DNA
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Which of the following is true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material?

a. The procedure to make it requires amplification by the polymerase chain reaction.

b. It is produced from pre-mRNA using reverse transcriptase.

c. It can be labeled and used as a probe to detect genes expressed in the brain.

d. It includes the introns of the pre-mRNA.

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a. Post-transcriptional processing.

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c. Nucleic acid hybridization.

d. Restriction fragment ligation.

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A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

a. SNP analysis

b. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

c. Electroporation

d. Gel electrophoresis

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