Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates

Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition

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Urry 12th Edition

Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates

Problema 5

Capitolo 33, Problema 5

In the following figure, which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans?
a. Porifera and Cnidaria
b. Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
c. Cnidaria and Bilateria
d. Deuterostomia and Bilateria
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Guida verificata passo dopo passo

Identify the term 'eumetazoans' in the question. Eumetazoans are animals with true tissues, which excludes sponges (Porifera).

Understand the concept of clades. A clade is a group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all its descendants.

Examine the evolutionary relationships among the groups mentioned in the options. Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, etc.) and Bilateria (animals with bilateral symmetry) are two major clades within Eumetazoa.

Recall that Cnidaria represents a simpler body plan with radial symmetry, while Bilateria includes more complex animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers.

Conclude that the two main clades branching from the most recent common ancestor of eumetazoans are Cnidaria and Bilateria, as they represent the primary division within this group.

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Eumetazoans

Eumetazoans are a major clade within the animal kingdom, characterized by having true tissues. This group excludes sponges and includes all other animals, such as cnidarians and bilaterians. Understanding eumetazoans is crucial for identifying evolutionary relationships among animals, as they represent a significant divergence point in the animal phylogenetic tree.

Cnidaria

Cnidaria is a phylum within the eumetazoans that includes jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones. These organisms are primarily aquatic and are known for their radial symmetry and specialized cells called cnidocytes, which contain stinging structures. Cnidarians are one of the earliest diverging groups within eumetazoans, providing insight into early animal evolution.

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Porifera and Cnidaria

Bilateria

Bilateria is a clade within the eumetazoans characterized by bilateral symmetry and three germ layers. This group includes most animal phyla, such as arthropods, mollusks, and vertebrates. Bilaterians are significant in evolutionary biology because their body plan allows for greater complexity and specialization, marking a major evolutionary advancement from simpler organisms like cnidarians.

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Overview of Animals - 4

Pratica correlata

Domanda del libro di testo

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is correct?

a. Echinodermata—radial symmetry as a larva, coelom

b. Nematoda—roundworms, internal skeleton

c. Platyhelminthes—flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, no body cavity

d. Porifera—gastrovascular cavity, coelom

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Domanda del libro di testo

In Figure 33.7, assume that the two medusae shown at step 4 were produced by one polyp colony. Review Concept 12.1 and Concept 13.3, and then use your understanding of mitosis and meiosis to select which of the following is true.

a. Both the medusae and the gametes are genetically identical.

b. Neither the medusae nor the gametes are genetically identical.

c. The medusae are not genetically identical but the gametes are genetically identical.

d. The medusae are genetically identical but the gametes differ genetically.

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Domanda del libro di testo

The water vascular system of echinoderms

a. Functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells

b. Functions in locomotion and feeding

c. Is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical

d. Moves water through the animal's body during filter feeding