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Ch. 54 - Community Ecology
Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoUrry 12th EditionCh. 54 - Community EcologyProblema 8
Capitolo 54, Problema 8

The most plausible hypothesis to explain why species richness is higher in tropical than in temperate regions is that
a. Tropical communities are younger.
b. Tropical regions generally have more available water and higher levels of solar radiation.
c. Higher temperatures cause more rapid speciation.
d. Diversity increases as evapotranspiration decreases.

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1
Understand the concept of species richness, which refers to the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape, or region.
Consider the environmental factors that can influence species richness, such as climate, availability of resources, and ecological interactions.
Evaluate the hypothesis that tropical regions generally have more available water and higher levels of solar radiation, which can support a greater diversity of life forms. This is because these conditions can enhance primary productivity, providing more energy and resources for a variety of species.
Analyze the role of temperature in speciation. Higher temperatures in tropical regions can lead to faster metabolic rates and potentially more rapid evolutionary changes, contributing to increased speciation.
Examine the concept of evapotranspiration, which is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. Consider how changes in evapotranspiration might affect species diversity, noting that higher evapotranspiration rates are typically associated with more productive ecosystems.

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Species Richness

Species richness refers to the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape, or region. It is a measure of biodiversity and is often used to compare different ecosystems or geographic areas. Higher species richness indicates a greater variety of species, which can contribute to ecosystem stability and resilience.
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Biological Species Concept

Tropical vs. Temperate Regions

Tropical regions are characterized by warm temperatures and high levels of solar radiation and precipitation, leading to lush vegetation and diverse ecosystems. In contrast, temperate regions experience more seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation, which can limit the diversity of species. These environmental differences are key factors in explaining variations in species richness between these regions.
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Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Regions Example 1

Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants. It is influenced by temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. In ecological studies, higher evapotranspiration rates are often associated with increased plant growth and productivity, which can support greater species diversity.
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Biogeochemical Cycles Example 2
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?

a. Limitation of plant biomass by rainfall amount

b. Influence of temperature on competition among plants

c. Influence of soil nutrients on the abundance of grasses versus wildflowers

d. Effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity

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Domanda del libro di testo

Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed among four species: 5A, 5B, 85C, and 5D. Community 2 contains 100 individuals distributed among three species: 30A, 40B, and 30C. Calculate the Shannon diversity (H) for each community. Which community is more diverse?

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Domanda del libro di testo

Predators that are keystone species can maintain species diversity in a community if they

a. Competitively exclude other predators

b. Prey on the community's dominant species

c. Reduce the number of disruptions in the community

d. Prey only on the least abundant species in the community

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Domanda del libro di testo

Food chains are sometimes short because

a. Only a single species of herbivore feeds on each plant species.

b. Local extinction of a species causes extinction of the other species in its food chain.

c. Most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as energy passes to the next higher level.

d. Most producers are inedible.

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