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Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Freeman - Biological Science 8th Edition
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoFreeman 8th EditionCh. 9 - Cellular Respiration and FermentationProblema 4
Capitolo 9, Problema 4

Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement.
T/FIt includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+.
T/FIt synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.
T/FIt includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH.
T/FIt synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Understand that fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH.
Recognize that during fermentation, NADH is oxidized to NAD+ to ensure a continuous supply of NAD+ for glycolysis. This statement is True.
Identify that ATP is synthesized during fermentation through substrate-level phosphorylation, which occurs during glycolysis. This statement is True.
Note that fermentation does not include a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH; instead, it oxidizes NADH to NAD+. This statement is False.
Understand that fermentation does not synthesize electron acceptors for cellular respiration; it provides a way to regenerate NAD+ without oxygen. This statement is False.

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Fermentation Pathway

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen. It allows cells to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, enabling glycolysis to continue producing ATP. Unlike cellular respiration, fermentation does not involve the electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation.
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Alcohol Fermentation

NAD+/NADH Cycle

NAD+ and NADH are crucial coenzymes in cellular metabolism. During glycolysis and fermentation, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, capturing electrons. Fermentation pathways regenerate NAD+ by oxidizing NADH, ensuring a continuous supply for glycolysis, which is essential for ATP production in anaerobic conditions.
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Electron Carriers: NADH & FADH2

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a method of ATP synthesis that occurs directly in metabolic pathways like glycolysis and fermentation. It involves the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP, forming ATP. This process is distinct from oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration.
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Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?

a. ATP is generated using phosphates taken from intermediates in the electron transport chain.

b. ATP is generated using a phosphate gradient produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

c. ATP is generated using a proton-motive force that is produced by the electron transport chain.

d. Water is generated using electrons taken from NADH and FADH2 and transported through the electron transport chain.

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Where does the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotes? a. in the cytosol of cells b. in the intermembrane space of mitochondria c. in the inner membrane of mitochondria d. in the matrix of mitochondria

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If you were to expose cells that are undergoing aerobic respiration to a radioactive oxygen isotope in the form of O2, which of the following molecules would you expect to be radiolabeled?

a. Pyruvate

b. Water

c. NADH

d. CO2

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Domanda del libro di testo

In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase is regulated by NADH. Compare and contrast the regulation of this enzyme with the regulation of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis.

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After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle, where is most of its energy stored?

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Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

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