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(b) What is the coordination number of each cannonball in the interior of the stack?
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Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 12, Problema 7
Which of these molecular fragments would you expect to be more likely to give rise to electrical conductivity? Explain your reasoning. (a)
(b)
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Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the key difference between the two molecular fragments: Fragment I has single bonds only, while Fragment II has alternating single and double bonds (conjugated system).
Recall that electrical conductivity in molecular structures is often associated with the presence of delocalized electrons.
Understand that delocalized electrons can move freely across the molecule, which is facilitated by the conjugated system in Fragment II.
Recognize that the conjugated system in Fragment II allows for the overlap of p-orbitals, creating a 'pi cloud' where electrons can move more freely.
Conclude that Fragment II is more likely to give rise to electrical conductivity due to the presence of delocalized electrons in the conjugated system.
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Electrical Conductivity
Electrical conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct electric current. This property is influenced by the presence of free-moving charged particles, such as electrons or ions. In molecular structures, the arrangement and type of atoms can determine how easily these charged particles can move, thus affecting conductivity.
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01:40
Extensive Property Example
Molecular Structure and Bonding
The molecular structure and bonding of a compound significantly influence its physical properties, including conductivity. Structures with delocalized electrons, such as those found in conjugated systems or metals, typically exhibit higher conductivity. The arrangement of atoms in the provided diagrams may indicate the potential for electron mobility, which is crucial for conductivity.
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03:26Lewis Dot Structures: Sigma & Pi Bonds
Crystalline vs. Amorphous Structures
Crystalline structures have a well-defined, ordered arrangement of atoms, which can facilitate the movement of electrons, enhancing conductivity. In contrast, amorphous structures lack this order, potentially hindering electron flow. The diagrams depict two different arrangements, and understanding their crystalline nature can help predict their electrical properties.
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04:13Crystalline vs Amorphous Solids
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The accompanying image shows photoluminescence from four different samples of CdTe nanocrystals, each embedded in a polymer matrix. The photoluminescence occurs because the samples are being irradiated by a UV light source. The nanocrystals in each vial have different average sizes. The sizes are 4.0, 3.5, 3.2, and 2.8 nm. (a) Which vial contains the 4.0-nm nanocrystals?
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(b)
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