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Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.15 - Chemical EquilibriumProblema 65a
Capitolo 15, Problema 65a

Consider the following equilibrium between oxides of nitrogen 3 NO(g) ⇌ NO2(g) + N2O(g) (a) Use data in Appendix C to calculate ΔH° for this reaction.

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Identify the standard enthalpies of formation (ΔH°f) for each compound involved in the reaction from Appendix C. You will need the values for NO(g), NO2(g), and N2O(g).
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: 3 NO(g) ⇌ NO2(g) + N2O(g).
Apply the formula for the standard enthalpy change of the reaction (ΔH°rxn): ΔH°rxn = ΣΔH°f(products) - ΣΔH°f(reactants). Remember to multiply the ΔH°f of each substance by its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced equation.
Calculate the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation for the products: (1 mole of NO2(g) × ΔH°f of NO2(g)) + (1 mole of N2O(g) × ΔH°f of N2O(g)).
Calculate the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation for the reactants: 3 moles of NO(g) × ΔH°f of NO(g).

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Hess's Law

Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps of the reaction, regardless of the pathway taken. This principle allows for the calculation of ΔH° for reactions that may not be easily measured directly by using known enthalpy changes of related reactions.
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Hess's Law

Standard Enthalpy of Formation (ΔH°f)

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔH°f) is the change in enthalpy when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states. This value is crucial for calculating the enthalpy change of a reaction using Hess's Law, as it provides a reference point for the energy content of reactants and products.
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Enthalpy of Formation

Equilibrium Constant (K)

The equilibrium constant (K) is a numerical value that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction at a specific temperature. Understanding K is essential for analyzing the position of equilibrium and how changes in conditions can affect the reaction, which is relevant when considering the enthalpy changes in reactions involving gases.
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Equilibrium Constant K
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Methanol (CH3OH) can be made by the reaction of CO with H2: CO(𝑔) + 2 H2(𝑔) ⇌ CH3OH(𝑔) (b) To maximize the equilibrium yield of methanol, would you use a high or low temperature?

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Methanol (CH3OH) can be made by the reaction of CO with H2: CO(𝑔) + 2 H2(𝑔) ⇌ CH3OH(𝑔) (a) Use thermochemical data in Appendix C to calculate ΔH° for this reaction.

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Consider the reaction 4 NH3(𝑔) + 5 O2(𝑔) ⇌ 4 NO(𝑔) + 6 H2O(𝑔), Δ𝐻 = −904.4 kJ Does each of the following increase, decrease, or leave unchanged the yield of NO at equilibrium? (f) increase temperature.

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Consider the following equilibrium between oxides of nitrogen

3 NO(g) ⇌ NO2(g) + N2O(g)

(c) At constant temperature, would a change in the volume of the container affect the fraction of products in the equilibrium mixture?