Domanda del libro di testo
Consider the molecular models shown here, where X represents a halogen atom. (a) If X is the same atom in both molecules, which molecule will be more acidic?
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Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 16, Problema 13
NH31g2 and HCl(g) react to form the ionic solid NH4Cl1s2. Which substance is the Brønsted–Lowry acid in this reaction? Which is the Brønsted–Lowry base?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid and base definitions: A Brønsted–Lowry acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+), while a Brønsted–Lowry base is a substance that accepts a proton.
Examine the reactants: NH3(g) and HCl(g).
Determine which substance donates a proton: HCl(g) donates a proton to form Cl- and NH4+.
Determine which substance accepts a proton: NH3(g) accepts a proton to form NH4+.
Conclude that HCl(g) is the Brønsted–Lowry acid (proton donor) and NH3(g) is the Brønsted–Lowry base (proton acceptor).
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Brønsted–Lowry Acid-Base Theory
The Brønsted–Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. In a chemical reaction, the substance that donates a hydrogen ion (H+) is classified as an acid, while the substance that accepts the hydrogen ion is classified as a base. This theory expands the definition of acids and bases beyond just their behavior in water, allowing for a broader understanding of acid-base reactions.
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Percorso guidato
02:08
Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). In the context of the reaction between NH3 and HCl, the product NH4Cl is an ionic compound where NH4+ acts as the cation and Cl- as the anion. Understanding the formation of ionic compounds is essential for analyzing the products of acid-base reactions.
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02:11Ionic Compounds Naming
Reaction Mechanism
The reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step process by which reactants transform into products. In the case of NH3 and HCl, the mechanism involves the transfer of a proton from HCl to NH3, resulting in the formation of NH4+ and Cl-. Analyzing the mechanism helps identify the roles of each reactant, clarifying which is the acid and which is the base in the reaction.
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03:06Reaction Mechanism Overview
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Give the conjugate base of the following Brønsted–Lowry acids: (i) HIO3, (ii) NH4+.
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Consider the molecular models shown here, where X represents a halogen atom. (b) Does the acidity of each molecule increase or decrease as the electronegativity of the atom X increases?
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