Ch.20 - Electrochemistry

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

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Brown 14th Edition

Ch.20 - Electrochemistry

Problema 113a,b,d

Capitolo 20, Problema 113a,b,d

Aqueous solutions of ammonia (NH₃) and bleach (active ingredient NaOCl) are sold as cleaning fluids, but bottles of both of them warn: 'Never mix ammonia and bleach, as toxic gases may be produced.' One of the toxic gases that can be produced is chloroamine, NH₂Cl. (a) What is the oxidation number of chlorine in bleach? (active ingredient NaOCl) are sold as cleaning fluids, but bottles of both of them warn: “Never mix ammonia and bleach, as toxic gases may be produced.” One of the toxic gases that can be produced is chloroamine, NH₂Cl. (b) What is the oxidation number of chlorine in chloramine? (d) Another toxic gas that can be produced is nitrogen trichloride, NCl₃. What is the oxidation number of N in nitrogen trichloride?

Guida verificata passo dopo passo

Identify the chemical formula of chloramine, which is NH_2Cl.

Recall that the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is zero.

Assign oxidation numbers to hydrogen and nitrogen: hydrogen (H) is +1 and nitrogen (N) is typically -3 in compounds.

Set up an equation using the known oxidation numbers: 2(+1) + (-3) + x = 0, where x is the oxidation number of chlorine (Cl).

Solve the equation for x to find the oxidation number of chlorine in chloramine.

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Oxidation Number

The oxidation number, or oxidation state, is a concept used to indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound. It represents the hypothetical charge an atom would have if all bonds were ionic. Oxidation numbers are assigned based on a set of rules, including the fact that the oxidation number of an element in its elemental form is zero, and for monoatomic ions, it equals the charge of the ion.

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Percorso guidato

02:42

Oxidation Numbers

Chloroamine Structure

Chloroamine, specifically NH2Cl, is a compound that contains nitrogen, hydrogen, and chlorine. In this molecule, the nitrogen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom. Understanding the structure of chloroamine is essential for determining the oxidation state of chlorine, as it helps visualize how the atoms are arranged and how they interact with each other.

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Percorso guidato

01:42

Resonance Structures

Determining Oxidation States

To determine the oxidation state of chlorine in chloroamine, one must consider the known oxidation states of the other atoms in the molecule. Nitrogen typically has an oxidation state of -3 when bonded to hydrogen, and hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1. By applying the rule that the sum of oxidation states in a neutral compound must equal zero, one can calculate the oxidation state of chlorine in NH2Cl.

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Percorso guidato

01:09

Determining Oxidation Numbers

Pratica correlata

Domanda del libro di testo

Aqueous solutions of ammonia 1NH32 and bleach (active ingredient NaOCl) are sold as cleaning fluids, but bottles of both of them warn: 'Never mix ammonia and bleach, as toxic gases may be produced.' One of the toxic gases that can be produced is chloroamine, NH2Cl. (e) Is N oxidized, reduced, or neither, upon the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen trichloride?

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Domanda del libro di testo

The Haber process is the principal industrial route for converting nitrogen into ammonia: N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) → 2 NH₃(g) (b) Using the thermodynamic data in Appendix C, calculate the equilibrium constant for the process at room temperature.

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