Domanda del libro di testo
(b) What amperage is required to plate out 0.250 mol Cr from a Cr3+ solution in a period of 8.00 h?
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Ch.20 - Electrochemistry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 20, Problema 89d
(d) Why is sodium metal not obtained when an aqueous solution of NaCl undergoes electrolysis?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the process of electrolysis: Electrolysis involves passing an electric current through a solution to cause a chemical change. In the case of NaCl, the solution is aqueous, meaning water is present.
Identify the ions present in the solution: In an aqueous NaCl solution, the ions present are Na⁺, Cl⁻, H⁺ (from water), and OH⁻ (from water).
Determine the possible reactions at the cathode: At the cathode, reduction occurs. The possible reductions are Na⁺ + e⁻ → Na (sodium metal) and 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2OH⁻ (hydrogen gas).
Compare the reduction potentials: The reduction potential for Na⁺ to Na is more negative than that for water to hydrogen gas. This means that water is more easily reduced than Na⁺ in an aqueous solution.
Conclude why sodium metal is not obtained: Since water is reduced preferentially over Na⁺, hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode instead of sodium metal during the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl.
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Electrolysis
Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous reaction. In the context of aqueous solutions, it involves the decomposition of compounds into their constituent elements or ions when an electric current is passed through the solution. The process occurs at electrodes, where oxidation and reduction reactions take place, leading to the formation of different products depending on the ions present.
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Percorso guidato
01:21
The Electrolytic Cell
Ionic Compounds in Aqueous Solution
When ionic compounds like NaCl dissolve in water, they dissociate into their respective ions, Na⁺ and Cl⁻. In an aqueous solution, water molecules also participate in the electrolysis process, which can lead to the production of hydrogen gas at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode. The presence of water and its competing reactions significantly influences the products formed during electrolysis.
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01:11Types of Aqueous Solutions
Electrode Reactions and Product Formation
During electrolysis, the reactions that occur at the electrodes depend on the relative reactivity of the ions present. In the case of NaCl electrolysis, water is more easily reduced than sodium ions, leading to the production of hydrogen gas instead of sodium metal. Similarly, at the anode, chloride ions are oxidized to form chlorine gas, rather than oxidizing water to produce oxygen, which further explains why sodium metal is not obtained.
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Percorso guidato
01:30Production of Hydrogen Example
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(d) Why are active metals such as Al obtained by electrolysis using molten salts rather than aqueous solutions?
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(c) What process occurs at the anode in the electrolysis of molten NaCl?
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Copper corrodes to cuprous oxide, Cu2O, or cupric oxide, CuO, depending on environmental conditions. (c) Copper peroxide is another oxidation product of elemental copper. Suggest a formula for copper peroxide based on its name. (d) Copper(III) oxide is another unusual oxidation product of elemental copper. Suggest a chemical formula for copper(III) oxide.
Domanda del libro di testo
(a) A Cr3+(aq) solution is electrolyzed, using a current of 7.60 A. What mass of Cr(s) is plated out after 2.00 days?
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