Domanda del libro di testo
Without referring to tables, predict which of the following has the higher enthalpy in each case: (a) 1 mol I2(s) or 1 mol I2(g) at the same temperature
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Ch.5 - Thermochemistry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 5, Problema 41b
Atomic hydrogen (H) is used in welding (AHW). The atoms recombine to hydrogen molecules with a large release of heat according to the following reaction: 2 H(g) → H2(g) (b) Which has the higher enthalpy under these conditions, 2 H(g) or H2(g)?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the reaction: 2 \(\text{H}\)(g) \(\rightarrow\) \(\text{H}\)_2(g).
Understand that enthalpy (H) is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system.
Recognize that the reaction involves the recombination of atomic hydrogen into molecular hydrogen, releasing heat.
Recall that exothermic reactions release heat, indicating that the products have lower enthalpy than the reactants.
Conclude that 2 \(\text{H}\)(g) has higher enthalpy than \(\text{H}\)_2(g) because energy is released when forming \(\text{H}\)_2(g).
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Enthalpy
Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property that represents the total heat content of a system. It is defined as the sum of the internal energy and the product of pressure and volume. In chemical reactions, changes in enthalpy (ΔH) indicate whether a reaction is exothermic (releases heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat). Understanding enthalpy is crucial for predicting the heat changes associated with chemical reactions.
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02:34
Enthalpy of Formation
Exothermic Reactions
Exothermic reactions are chemical processes that release energy, usually in the form of heat, to the surroundings. In the given reaction, the formation of hydrogen molecules from atomic hydrogen is exothermic, meaning that the products (H2) have lower energy than the reactants (2 H). This release of energy is a key factor in determining the enthalpy of the reactants and products.
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02:38Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
Molecular vs. Atomic Hydrogen
Molecular hydrogen (H2) consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded together, while atomic hydrogen (H) refers to individual hydrogen atoms. The stability and energy content of these forms differ significantly; molecular hydrogen is more stable and has lower energy than atomic hydrogen. This difference is essential for understanding the enthalpy changes during the reaction, as the formation of H2 from H releases energy, indicating that H2 has a lower enthalpy than 2 H.
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01:22Hydrogenation Reactions
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Atomic hydrogen (H) is used in welding (AHW). The atoms recombine to hydrogen molecules with a large release of heat according to the following reaction: 2 H(g) → H2(g) (a) Using the thermodynamic data in Appendix C, calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction per mole of H2.