Domanda del libro di testo
Without referring to tables, predict which of the following has the higher enthalpy in each case: (a) 1 mol I2(s) or 1 mol I2(g) at the same temperature
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Ch.5 - Thermochemistry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 5, Problema 40a
The decomposition of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), NaHCO3(s), into Na2CO3(s), H2O(l), and CO2(g) at constant pressure requires the addition of 85 kJ of heat per two moles of NaHCO3. (a) Write a balanced thermochemical equation for the reaction.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the reactants and products in the decomposition reaction: NaHCO3(s) decomposes into Na2CO3(s), H2O(l), and CO2(g).
Write the unbalanced chemical equation for the decomposition: NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).
Balance the chemical equation by ensuring the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides. For this reaction, you need 2 moles of NaHCO3 to produce 1 mole of Na2CO3, 1 mole of H2O, and 1 mole of CO2. The balanced equation is: 2 NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).
Incorporate the thermochemical data into the balanced equation. Since 85 kJ of heat is required for the decomposition of 2 moles of NaHCO3, this energy change is written on the reactant side as it is an endothermic reaction: 2 NaHCO3(s) + 85 kJ → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).
Verify that the equation is balanced both in terms of mass and energy, ensuring that the stoichiometry and the thermochemical data are correctly represented.
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Thermochemical Equations
A thermochemical equation is a balanced chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change (ΔH) associated with the reaction. It indicates whether the reaction is exothermic (releases heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat). In this case, the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate is endothermic, requiring heat input, which should be included in the equation.
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01:13
Thermochemical Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations
Balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides. This is crucial for obeying the law of conservation of mass. For the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate, the balanced equation must reflect the stoichiometry of the reactants and products accurately.
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01:32Balancing Chemical Equations
Enthalpy Change (ΔH)
Enthalpy change (ΔH) is a measure of the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction at constant pressure. In this scenario, the reaction absorbs 85 kJ of heat for every two moles of sodium bicarbonate decomposed, indicating a positive ΔH value. This information is essential for writing the thermochemical equation correctly.
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02:34Enthalpy of Formation
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The complete combustion of methane, CH4(g), to form H2O(l) and CO2(g) at constant pressure releases 890 kJ of heat per mole of CH4. (a) Write a balanced thermochemical equation for this reaction.
Domanda del libro di testo
The complete combustion of methane, CH4(g), to form H2O(l) and CO2(g) at constant pressure releases 890 kJ of heat per mole of CH4. (b) Draw an enthalpy diagram for the reaction.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Atomic hydrogen (H) is used in welding (AHW). The atoms recombine to hydrogen molecules with a large release of heat according to the following reaction: 2 H(g) → H2(g) (b) Which has the higher enthalpy under these conditions, 2 H(g) or H2(g)?
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Domanda del libro di testo
A gas is confined to a cylinder under constant atmospheric pressure, as illustrated in Figure 5.4. When 0.49 kJ of heat is added to the gas, it expands and does 214 J of work on the surroundings. What are the values of H and E for this process?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Atomic hydrogen (H) is used in welding (AHW). The atoms recombine to hydrogen molecules with a large release of heat according to the following reaction: 2 H(g) → H2(g) (a) Using the thermodynamic data in Appendix C, calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction per mole of H2.