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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 7, Problema 90b

The ionic substance strontium oxide, SrO, forms from the reaction of strontium metal with molecular oxygen. The arrangement of the ions in solid SrO is analogous to that in solid NaCl:
(b) Based on the ionic radii in Figure 7.8, predict the length of the side of the cube in the figure (the distance from the center of an atom at one corner to the center of an atom at a neighboring corner).

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Identify the ions present in SrO: Sr^{2+} and O^{2-}.
Recognize that the structure of SrO is analogous to NaCl, which is a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice.
In an FCC lattice, the edge length of the cube (a) is related to the ionic radii of the cation and anion. The formula for the edge length is a = 2(r_{cation} + r_{anion}).
Look up the ionic radii for Sr^{2+} and O^{2-} from Figure 7.8 or a similar source.
Substitute the ionic radii values into the formula to calculate the edge length of the cube.

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Ionic Compounds and Crystal Lattice Structure

Ionic compounds, like strontium oxide (SrO), consist of positively and negatively charged ions arranged in a regular, repeating pattern known as a crystal lattice. This structure maximizes the attractive forces between oppositely charged ions while minimizing repulsive forces, resulting in a stable solid. The arrangement of ions in SrO is similar to that in NaCl, where each ion is surrounded by ions of opposite charge.
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Ionic Radii

Ionic radii refer to the effective size of an ion in a crystal lattice, which can vary based on the ion's charge and coordination number. For cations, the radius typically decreases with increasing positive charge due to greater nuclear attraction, while for anions, the radius increases with negative charge. Understanding ionic radii is crucial for predicting the dimensions of the unit cell in ionic compounds.
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Ranking Ionic Radii

Unit Cell and Edge Length

The unit cell is the smallest repeating unit in a crystal lattice that reflects the overall symmetry and structure of the entire crystal. In the case of ionic compounds like SrO, the edge length of the cube can be determined by the sum of the ionic radii of the cation and anion. This distance represents the length from the center of one ion to the center of a neighboring ion, which is essential for calculating the dimensions of the crystal structure.
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Simple Cubic Unit Cell
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(d) Lithium is not nearly as abundant as sodium. If sodium ion batteries were developed that function in the same manner as lithium ion batteries, do you think 'sodium cobalt oxide' would still work as the electrode material? Explain.

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The ionic substance strontium oxide, SrO, forms from the reaction of strontium metal with molecular oxygen. The arrangement of the ions in solid SrO is analogous to that in solid NaCl:

(c) The density of SrO is 5.10 g>cm3. Given your answer to part (b), how many formula units of SrO are contained in the cube shown here?

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The ionic substance strontium oxide, SrO, forms from the reaction of strontium metal with molecular oxygen. The arrangement of the ions in solid SrO is analogous to that in solid NaCl: (a) Write a balanced equation for the formation of SrO(s) from its elements.

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In the chemical process called electron transfer, an electron is transferred from one atom or molecule to another. (We will talk about electron transfer extensively in Chapter 20.) A simple electron transfer reaction is A(g) + A(g) → A+(g) + A-(g) For a representative nonmetal such as chlorine, is this process exothermic?

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