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Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical BondingProblema 31b
Capitolo 8, Problema 31b

(b) A substance, XY, formed from two different elements, melts at −33 °C. Is XY likely to be a covalent or an ionic substance?

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insert step 1> Identify the characteristics of covalent and ionic substances.
insert step 2> Consider the melting point of the substance XY, which is -33 °C.
insert step 3> Compare the melting point of XY with typical melting points of covalent and ionic substances.
insert step 4> Recall that ionic compounds generally have high melting points due to strong electrostatic forces between ions.
insert step 5> Conclude that a low melting point, like -33 °C, suggests that XY is likely a covalent substance, as covalent compounds typically have lower melting points.

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Covalent vs. Ionic Bonds

Covalent bonds form when two nonmetals share electrons, resulting in molecules with lower melting and boiling points. In contrast, ionic bonds occur between metals and nonmetals, where electrons are transferred, creating charged ions that attract each other, typically resulting in higher melting points.
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Chemical Bonds Example 1

Melting Point as an Indicator

The melting point of a substance can provide insight into its bonding type. Generally, substances with ionic bonds have higher melting points due to the strong electrostatic forces between ions, while covalent compounds often have lower melting points due to weaker intermolecular forces.
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Boiling Point and Melting Point

Properties of Molecular Compounds

Molecular compounds, which are often formed by covalent bonds, tend to have distinct properties such as lower melting points, volatility, and poor electrical conductivity in solid form. The melting point of −33 °C suggests that XY is likely a molecular compound, indicating it is more likely to be covalent.
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Naming Molecular Compounds
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Domanda del libro di testo

Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, make a sketch of the formation of NCl3 from N and Cl atoms, showing valence-shell electrons. (a) How many valence electrons does N have initially? (c) How many valence electrons surround the N in the NCl3 molecule? (d) How many valence electrons surround each Cl in the NCl3 molecule?

Domanda del libro di testo

(a) State whether or not the bonding in each substance is likely to be covalent: (i) glucose, (ii) nitrogen, (iii) aluminum hydroxide, (iv) ammonia, (v) neon.

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Domanda del libro di testo

(a) Based on the lattice energies of MgCl2 and SrCl2 given in Table 8.1, what is the range of values that you would expect for the lattice energy of CaCl2?

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Domanda del libro di testo

Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, make a sketch of the formation of NCl3 from N and Cl atoms, showing valence-shell electrons. (b) How many bonds Cl has to make in order to achieve an octet?

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Domanda del libro di testo

(b) Using data from Appendix C, Figure 7.11, Figure 7.13, and the value of the second ionization energy for Ca, 1145 kJ/mol, calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2.

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