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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding TheoriesProblema 11b3
Capitolo 9, Problema 11b3

For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (b) the type of MO (s or p) (iii)
Contour representation of a molecular orbital with positive and negative regions.

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Observe the contour representation of the molecular orbital in the image.
Identify the shape of the molecular orbital. In this case, it appears to be elongated along one axis, indicating a p-orbital.
Note the presence of a nodal plane (a region where the probability of finding an electron is zero) between the positive and negative regions, which is characteristic of p-orbitals.
Determine the type of molecular orbital (MO) based on the shape and nodal plane. Since it has a nodal plane and is elongated, it is a p-type MO.
Conclude that the molecular orbital shown in the image is a p-type molecular orbital.

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Molecular Orbitals (MOs)

Molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals when atoms bond together. They can be classified as bonding, antibonding, or non-bonding, depending on the phase relationship of the combining atomic orbitals. Understanding the shape and energy of these orbitals is crucial for predicting the behavior of molecules in chemical reactions.
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Molecular Orbital Theory

Types of Atomic Orbitals

Atomic orbitals are regions in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. The main types are s and p orbitals. S orbitals are spherical and can hold up to two electrons, while p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and can hold up to six electrons across three orientations (px, py, pz). Identifying the type of molecular orbital often involves recognizing these shapes.
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Atomic Orbitals Example

Contour Representation

Contour representations visually depict the regions of positive and negative phase in molecular orbitals. The areas where the orbital has a positive phase are often shown in one color, while negative phases are shown in another. This representation helps in understanding the electron density distribution and the bonding characteristics of the molecule.
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Main Group Elements Valence Electrons
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(a) An AB2 molecule is linear. How many nonbonding electron pairs are around the A atom from this information?

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For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (c) whether the MO is bonding or antibonding (i)

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For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (a) the atomic orbitals (s or p) used to construct the MO (iii)

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For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (a) the atomic orbitals (s or p) used to construct the MO (i)

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The following is part of a molecular orbital energy-level diagram for MOs constructed from 1s atomic orbitals.

(a) What labels do we use for the two MOs shown?

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For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (b) the type of MO (s or p) (i)

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