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Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Capitolo 10, Problema 10

A mixture of chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen gas is in a container at STP. Which curve represents oxygen gas? (LO 10.8) (a) Curve (a) (b) Curve (b) (c) Curve (c) Graph showing Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves for chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen gases.

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Identify the gases involved: chlorine (Cl2), hydrogen (H2), and oxygen (O2).
Recall that the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve shows the distribution of speeds of gas molecules at a given temperature.
Understand that lighter gases have higher average speeds and thus their distribution curves peak at higher speeds.
Compare the molar masses of the gases: H2 (2 g/mol), O2 (32 g/mol), and Cl2 (70.9 g/mol).
Determine that the curve with the highest peak (Curve A) corresponds to the lightest gas (H2), the curve with the lowest peak (Curve C) corresponds to the heaviest gas (Cl2), and the remaining curve (Curve B) represents O2.

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Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution describes the distribution of speeds of particles in a gas. It shows how the number of molecules varies with their speed at a given temperature. Each gas has a unique distribution curve based on its molecular mass, influencing the average speed and kinetic energy of the particles.
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Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

Molecular Mass and Speed

The speed of gas molecules is inversely related to their molecular mass at a constant temperature. Lighter gases, like hydrogen, will have higher average speeds compared to heavier gases, such as oxygen. This difference in speed affects the shape and position of their respective Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves.
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Speed of Light Formula

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) is defined as 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and 1 atmosphere of pressure. At STP, gases behave ideally, and their properties can be compared more easily. Understanding STP is crucial for analyzing gas behavior and interpreting the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves in the context of the question.
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Standard Temperature and Pressure
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The coldest temperature recorded at ground level on Earth was -89.2 °C at the Vostok Station in Antarctica. What is the speed of a nitrogen molecule at this temperature? (LO 10.9) (a) 933 m/s (b) 40.2 m/s (c) 404 m/s (d) 12.8 m/s
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Two 112-L tanks are filled with gas at 330 K. One contains 5.00 mol of Kr, and the other contains 5.00 mol of O2. Considering the assumptions of kinetic–molecular theory, rank the gases from low to high for each of the following properties.

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The apparatus shown consists of three bulbs connected by stopcocks. What is the pressure inside the system when the stopcocks are opened? Assume that the lines connecting the bulbs have zero volume and that the temperature remains constant. (LO 10.3, 10.7) (a) 1.10 atm (b) 1.73 atm (c) 4.14 atm (d) 1.41 atm

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Two identical 732.0-L tanks each contain 212.0 g of gas at 293 K, with neon in one tank and nitrogen in the other. Based on the assumptions of kinetic–molecular theory, rank the gases from low to high for each of the following properties.

(a) Average speed

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