Domanda del libro di testo
What fraction of the molecules in a gas at 300 K collide with an
energy equal to or greater than Ea when Ea equals 50 kJ/mol?
What is the value of this fraction when Ea is 100 kJ/mol?
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Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Capitolo 14, Problema 91
The values of Ea = 248 kJ>mol and ΔE = 41 kJ>mol have been measured for the reaction H21g2 + CO21g2S H2O1g2 + CO1g2 (b) Considering the geometry of the reactants and products, suggest a plausible structure for the transition state.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the reaction: The given reaction is H2(g) + CO2(g) -> H2O(g) + CO(g). This is a gas-phase reaction where hydrogen gas reacts with carbon dioxide to form water vapor and carbon monoxide.
Identify the transition state: The transition state is a high-energy, unstable arrangement of atoms that occurs during the conversion of reactants to products. It represents the point of highest energy along the reaction path.
Consider the geometry: In the transition state, bonds are partially broken and formed. For this reaction, the H-H bond in H2 and the C=O bond in CO2 are likely to be breaking, while new bonds (O-H in H2O and C-O in CO) are forming.
Visualize the transition state: A plausible structure for the transition state might involve a complex where the hydrogen atoms are simultaneously interacting with the oxygen atom of CO2 and the carbon atom of CO2, forming a four-center transition state.
Use the energy values: The activation energy (Ea = 248 kJ/mol) and the change in energy (ΔE = 41 kJ/mol) suggest that the transition state is significantly higher in energy than the reactants, indicating a significant reorganization of bonds.
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Activation Energy (Ea)
Activation energy (Ea) is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. It represents the energy barrier that reactants must overcome to form products. In this context, a high Ea value, such as 248 kJ/mol, indicates that the reaction is relatively slow and requires significant energy input to proceed.
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Percorso guidato
02:02
Activity Series Chart
Transition State
The transition state is a high-energy, unstable arrangement of atoms that occurs during the transformation from reactants to products. It represents the point at which bonds are breaking and forming, and it is characterized by a specific geometry that reflects the arrangement of atoms at this critical moment. Understanding the transition state is essential for predicting reaction pathways and mechanisms.
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Percorso guidato
03:12Transition Metals
Reaction Coordinate
The reaction coordinate is a conceptual representation of the progress of a chemical reaction, illustrating the energy changes as reactants convert to products. It typically shows the energy of the system as a function of the reaction progress, highlighting the activation energy and the transition state. Analyzing the reaction coordinate helps in visualizing how molecular structures change during the reaction.
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00:27Coordination Numbers
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Consider three reactions with different values of Ea and ΔE:
Reaction 1. Ea = 20 kJ>mol; ΔE = -60 kJ/mol
Reaction 2. Ea = 10 kJ>mol; ΔE = -20 kJ/mol
Reaction 3. Ea = 40 kJ>mol; ΔE = +15 kJ/mol
(c) Which reaction is the most endothermic, and which is the most exothermic?
466
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Domanda del libro di testo
Consider three reactions with different values of Ea and ΔE:
Reaction 1. Ea = 20 kJ>mol; ΔE = -60 kJ/mol
Reaction 2. Ea = 10 kJ>mol; ΔE = -20 kJ/mol
Reaction 3. Ea = 40 kJ>mol; ΔE = +15 kJ/mol
(b) Assuming that all three reactions are carried out at the same temperature and that all three have the same frequency factor A, which reaction is the fastest and which is the slowest?
514
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Domanda del libro di testo
Two reactions have the same activation energy, but their
rates at the same temperature differ by a factor of 10.
Explain.
751
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Domanda del libro di testo
A certain first-order reaction has a rate constant of
1.0 * 10-3 s-1 at 25 °C.
(b) What is the Ea (in kJ/mol) if the same temperature
change causes the rate to triple?
1393
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1
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Domanda del libro di testo
When the temperature of a gas is raised by 10 °C, the collision
frequency increases by only about 2%, but the reaction
rate increases by 100% (a factor of 2) or more. Explain.
582
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