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Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblema 26a
Capitolo 21, Problema 26a

Locate on the periodic table the transition elements with the following electron configurations. Identify each element.
(a) [Ar] 3d74s2
(b) [Ar] 3d54s1

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Identify the block of the periodic table where transition elements are located. Transition elements are found in the d-block, which includes groups 3 to 12.
For part (a), analyze the electron configuration [Ar] 3d^7 4s^2. The configuration indicates that the element is in the 3d block, with 7 electrons in the 3d subshell and 2 electrons in the 4s subshell.
Determine the atomic number for part (a) by adding the number of electrons in the configuration to the atomic number of Argon (18). The total number of electrons is 18 (Ar) + 7 (3d) + 2 (4s) = 27.
Locate the element with atomic number 27 on the periodic table. This element is Cobalt (Co).
For part (b), analyze the electron configuration [Ar] 3d^5 4s^1. The configuration indicates that the element is in the 3d block, with 5 electrons in the 3d subshell and 1 electron in the 4s subshell.

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Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It is represented using a notation that indicates the energy levels and sublevels occupied by electrons. Understanding electron configurations is crucial for identifying elements, especially transition metals, as they often involve partially filled d orbitals.
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Electron Configuration Example

Transition Elements

Transition elements, or transition metals, are found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table. They are characterized by their ability to form variable oxidation states and complex ions, and they typically have partially filled d orbitals. This unique electron arrangement contributes to their distinctive chemical properties and reactivity.
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Transition Metals and Representative Elements

Periodic Table Organization

The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configurations, revealing periodic trends in properties such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius. Understanding the layout of the periodic table helps in locating elements based on their electron configurations, particularly for transition metals, which are grouped in specific blocks.
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Periodic Table Classifications
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In acidic aqueous solution, the complex trans-[Co(en)2Cl1]2+(aq) undergoes the following substitution reaction:

trans-[Co(en)1Cl2]+(aq) + H2O(l) → trans-[Co(en)2(H2O)Cl]2+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

The reaction is first order in trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+(aq), and the rate constant at 25°C is 3.2×10–5 s–1.

(d) Is the reaction product chiral or achiral? Explain.

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What is the systematic name for each of the following molecules or ions? Include cis or trans prefixes for diastereoisomers. Platinum is Pt(II) in square planar complexes and Pt(IV) in octahedral complexes.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Locate on the periodic table the transition elements with the following electron configurations. Identify each element.

(c) [Kr] 4d25s2

(d) [Xe] 4f36s2

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The complete reaction of 2.60 g of chromium metal with 50.00 mL of 1.200 M H2SO4 in the absence of air gave a blue solution and a colorless gas that was collected at 25°C and a pressure of 735 mm Hg. (e) When an excess of KCN is added to the solution, the color changes, and the paramagnetism of the solution

decreases. Explain.

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In acidic aqueous solution, the complex trans-[Co(en)2Cl1]2+(aq) undergoes the following substitution reaction:

trans-[Co(en)2Cl1]+(aq) + H2O(l) → trans-[Co(en)2(H2O)Cl]2+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

The reaction is first order in trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+(aq), and the rate constant at 25°C is 3.2×10–5 s–1.

e. Draw a crystal field energy-level diagram for trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+ that takes account of the fact that Cl– is a weaker-field ligand than ethylenediamine.

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Look at the location in the periodic table of elements A, B, C, and D. What is the electron configuration of the transition metal in each of the following ions?

(c) C3+

(d) DO42-

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