Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry

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McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry

Problema 27b

Capitolo 21, Problema 27b

Look at the location in the periodic table of elements A, B, C, and D. What is the electron configuration of the transition metal in each of the following ions?
(c) C3+
(d) DO42-

Guida verificata passo dopo passo

insert step 1> Identify the elements C and D based on their positions in the periodic table. Transition metals are typically found in the d-block, which includes groups 3 to 12.

insert step 2> Determine the neutral electron configuration of element C. Transition metals often have electron configurations that end in the d subshell.

insert step 3> For the ion C3+, remove three electrons from the neutral electron configuration of element C. Electrons are typically removed from the outermost shell first, which may include the s and then the d subshell.

insert step 4> Determine the neutral electron configuration of element D. Since DO42- is an ion, identify the transition metal within this polyatomic ion.

insert step 5> For the ion DO42-, add two electrons to the neutral electron configuration of element D. This will typically involve adding electrons to the outermost shell, which may include the d subshell.

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Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It follows the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill lower-energy orbitals first, and is represented using a notation that indicates the energy levels and sublevels occupied by electrons. Understanding electron configuration is crucial for predicting the chemical behavior and properties of elements, especially transition metals.

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Electron Configuration Example

Transition Metals

Transition metals are elements found in the d-block of the periodic table, characterized by their ability to form variable oxidation states and complex ions. They typically have partially filled d orbitals, which contribute to their unique properties, such as catalytic activity and the formation of colored compounds. Recognizing the specific transition metal involved is essential for determining the correct electron configuration in ions.

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Transition Metals

Ionic Charge and Electron Loss

The ionic charge of an element indicates the number of electrons lost or gained when it forms an ion. For cations, such as C3+, electrons are removed from the outermost shell, while for anions, like DO42-, electrons are added. Understanding how to adjust the electron configuration based on the ionic charge is vital for accurately determining the electron configurations of ions.

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Formal Charge

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