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Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.22 - The Main Group ElementsProblema 26
Capitolo 22, Problema 26

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:


(a) Write the formula of the oxide that has each of these elements in its highest oxidation state.

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1
Identify the group number of each element A, B, C, and D in the periodic table.
Determine the highest oxidation state for each element based on its group number.
Recall that the highest oxidation state of an element in its oxide is typically equal to its group number.
Write the chemical formula for the oxide by balancing the charges of the element and oxygen.
Ensure that the total charge of the compound is zero by adjusting the subscripts of the elements in the formula.

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Oxidation States

Oxidation states indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, reflecting the number of electrons lost or gained. Elements can exhibit multiple oxidation states, particularly transition metals, and the highest oxidation state is often associated with the element's ability to form stable compounds. Understanding oxidation states is crucial for predicting the formulas of oxides formed by elements.
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Oxidation Numbers

Periodic Table Trends

The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configuration, revealing trends in properties such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius. Elements in the same group typically exhibit similar chemical behaviors, including their common oxidation states. Recognizing these trends helps in determining the highest oxidation states of elements A, B, C, and D.
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Periodic Trends

Formation of Oxides

Oxides are compounds formed when elements react with oxygen, and their formulas depend on the oxidation states of the elements involved. The general formula for an oxide can be represented as E_xO_y, where E is the element and x and y are determined by the oxidation states. Knowing how to derive these formulas based on the highest oxidation states of the elements is essential for answering the question.
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Enthalpy of Formation
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Domanda del libro di testo

In the following pictures of oxides, red spheres represent O atoms or ions, and green spheres represent atoms or ions of a second- or third-row element in its highest oxidation state.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b) Identify each oxide as ionic or covalent.

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Domanda del libro di testo

The following models represent the structures of binary

oxides of second- and third-row elements in their highest

oxidation states:


(a) Identify the non-oxygen atom in each case, and write the molecular formula for each oxide.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Locate each of the following elements on the periodic table.

(f) Group 5A element that forms the strongest p bonds

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Domanda del libro di testo

The following pictures represent structures of the hydrides of four second-row elements:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(c) Which compounds yield H2 gas when they are mixed together?

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