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Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.22 - The Main Group ElementsProblema 30
Capitolo 22, Problema 30

The following models represent the structures of binary
oxides of second- and third-row elements in their highest
oxidation states:


(a) Identify the non-oxygen atom in each case, and write the molecular formula for each oxide.

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1
Identify the second- and third-row elements in the periodic table.
Determine the highest oxidation state for each element based on its group number.
Recognize that binary oxides are compounds consisting of oxygen and one other element.
For each model, identify the non-oxygen atom by considering the element's position in the periodic table.
Write the molecular formula for each oxide by combining the non-oxygen atom with oxygen, using the element's highest oxidation state to determine the subscript for oxygen.

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Binary Oxides

Binary oxides are compounds composed of two elements, one of which is oxygen. In the context of the question, these oxides involve second- and third-row elements in their highest oxidation states, meaning that the non-oxygen atom is typically a metal or metalloid that can form multiple oxidation states. Understanding the nature of these compounds is essential for identifying the non-oxygen atom and writing the correct molecular formulas.
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Binary Acids

Oxidation States

The oxidation state of an element in a compound indicates the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) that the element has undergone. In binary oxides, the non-oxygen atom will have a specific oxidation state that corresponds to its highest oxidation state, which is crucial for determining the correct stoichiometry of the compound. Recognizing how to assign oxidation states helps in accurately writing the molecular formulas.
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Oxidation Numbers

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula represents the number and type of atoms in a molecule, providing a clear picture of its composition. For binary oxides, the molecular formula is derived from the oxidation states of the elements involved, indicating the ratio of the non-oxygen atom to oxygen. Understanding how to construct molecular formulas is vital for accurately answering the question regarding the oxides of the specified elements.
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Determining Molecular Formulas
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Domanda del libro di testo

In the following pictures of oxides, red spheres represent O atoms or ions, and green spheres represent atoms or ions of a second- or third-row element in its highest oxidation state.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b) Identify each oxide as ionic or covalent.

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Domanda del libro di testo

The following pictures represent structures of the hydrides of four second-row elements:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(c) Which compounds yield H2 gas when they are mixed together?

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Domanda del libro di testo

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:


(a) Write the formula of the oxide that has each of these elements in its highest oxidation state.

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