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Ch.17 - Acids and Bases
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 6th Edition
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 17, Problema 75

Determine the percent ionization of a 0.100 M HCN solution.

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Identify the relevant chemical equation for the ionization of HCN: \( \text{HCN} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+ + \text{CN}^- \).
Write the expression for the acid dissociation constant \( K_a \) for HCN: \( K_a = \frac{[\text{H}^+][\text{CN}^-]}{[\text{HCN}]} \).
Use the initial concentration of HCN (0.100 M) and assume \( x \) is the concentration of \( \text{H}^+ \) and \( \text{CN}^- \) at equilibrium. The concentration of HCN at equilibrium will be \( 0.100 - x \).
Substitute these equilibrium concentrations into the \( K_a \) expression: \( K_a = \frac{x^2}{0.100 - x} \).
Solve for \( x \) using the known \( K_a \) value for HCN, and then calculate the percent ionization using the formula: \( \text{Percent Ionization} = \left( \frac{x}{0.100} \right) \times 100 \% \).

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Ionization of Weak Acids

Weak acids, like hydrocyanic acid (HCN), do not completely dissociate in solution. Instead, they establish an equilibrium between the undissociated acid and its ions. The degree to which a weak acid ionizes is crucial for calculating properties such as pH and percent ionization.
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Calculating Percent Ionization of Weak Acids

Equilibrium Expression

The ionization of a weak acid can be represented by an equilibrium constant (Ka). For HCN, the equilibrium expression is Ka = [H+][CN-]/[HCN]. Understanding how to set up and manipulate this expression is essential for determining the concentration of ions at equilibrium, which is necessary for calculating percent ionization.
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Equilibrium Constant Expressions

Percent Ionization Calculation

Percent ionization is calculated by the formula: (concentration of ionized acid / initial concentration of acid) × 100%. This metric provides insight into the strength of the acid in solution. For a 0.100 M HCN solution, determining the concentration of H+ ions at equilibrium allows for the calculation of percent ionization, reflecting the acid's behavior in solution.
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Calculating Percent Ionization of Weak Acids