Domanda del libro di testo
What evidence did Watson and Crick have at their disposal in 1953? What was their approach in arriving at the structure of DNA?
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Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis
Klug12th EditionConcepts of GeneticsISBN: 9780135564776
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics17
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis36
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics51
- Ch. 4 - Extensions of Mendelian Genetics74
- Ch. 5 - Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes51
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages46
- Ch. 7 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes33
- Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement40
- Ch. 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance31
- Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis43
- Ch. 11 - DNA Replication and Recombination44
- Ch. 12 - DNA Organization in Chromosomes30
- Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription54
- Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins47
- Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition41
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria29
- Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes41
- Ch. 18 - Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes33
- Ch. 19 - Epigenetics33
- Ch. 20 - Recombinant DNA Technology44
- Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis36
- Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology36
- Ch. 23 - Developmental Genetics37
- Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics34
- Ch. 25 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits54
- Ch. 26 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Klug12th EditionConcepts of GeneticsISBN: 9780135564776Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 10, Problema 12
Adenine may also be named 6-amino purine. How would you name the other four nitrogenous bases, using this alternative system? (O is indicated by 'oxy-,' and CH₃ by 'methyl.')
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Understand that adenine is named 6-amino purine because it has an amino group (–NH₂) attached to the 6th carbon of the purine ring. This naming system focuses on the functional groups attached to the purine or pyrimidine ring.
Identify the base type for each nitrogenous base: guanine and adenine are purines (two-ring structures), while cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines (single-ring structures).
For guanine, note that it has an amino group at position 2 and an oxygen (oxo group) at position 6 on the purine ring. Using the alternative system, name it as 2-amino-6-oxy purine.
For cytosine, which is a pyrimidine, it has an amino group at position 4 and an oxygen at position 2. Name it as 4-amino-2-oxy pyrimidine.
For thymine and uracil, both are pyrimidines with oxygen atoms at positions 2 and 4. Thymine has an additional methyl group at position 5. Name uracil as 2,4-dioxy pyrimidine and thymine as 5-methyl-2,4-dioxy pyrimidine.
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Nitrogenous Base Structure and Classification
Nitrogenous bases are organic molecules that form the building blocks of nucleic acids. They are classified into purines (adenine and guanine) with a double-ring structure, and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil) with a single-ring. Understanding their chemical structure is essential for systematic naming based on functional groups.
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06:25
DNA Structure
Functional Group Nomenclature in Nitrogenous Bases
The alternative naming system uses functional groups like amino (-NH2), oxy (=O), and methyl (-CH3) to describe nitrogenous bases. For example, adenine is 6-amino purine, indicating an amino group at position 6 on the purine ring. Recognizing these groups and their positions allows systematic naming of other bases.
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08:26Functional Genomics
Position Numbering in Purine and Pyrimidine Rings
Purine and pyrimidine rings have standardized numbering systems to identify the location of substituents. For purines, numbering starts at the nitrogen in the six-membered ring, while for pyrimidines, numbering begins at the nitrogen in the ring. Correct numbering is crucial for accurately naming functional groups on the bases.
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07:Positional Cloning
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Describe the various characteristics of the Watson–Crick double-helix model for DNA.
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