Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Sanders - Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach 3rd Edition

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Sanders 3rd Edition

Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Problema 19a

Capitolo 11, Problema 19a

Using the adenine–thymine base pair in this DNA sequence
...GCTC...
...CGAG...
Give the sequence after a transition mutation.

Guida verificata passo dopo passo

Step 1: Understand the concept of a transition mutation. A transition mutation is a type of point mutation where a purine (adenine or guanine) is replaced with another purine, or a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine) is replaced with another pyrimidine.

Step 2: Analyze the provided DNA sequence before the mutation. The original sequence is: CCTTAGGATTCC (top strand) and GGAATCCTAAGG (bottom strand).

Step 3: Observe the mutation in the image. The sequence changes from CCTTAGGATTCC to CCTCAGGATTCC (top strand) and GGAATCCTAAGG to GGAGTCCTAAGG (bottom strand).

Step 4: Identify the specific base pair affected by the transition mutation. In the top strand, the second 'T' in the sequence changes to 'C', and in the bottom strand, the corresponding 'A' changes to 'G'. This is consistent with a transition mutation.

Step 5: Write the mutated sequence. After the transition mutation, the new sequence is: CCTCAGGATTCC (top strand) and GGAGTCCTAAGG (bottom strand).

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Transition Mutation

A transition mutation is a specific type of point mutation where a purine base (adenine or guanine) is replaced by another purine, or a pyrimidine base (cytosine or thymine) is replaced by another pyrimidine. This type of mutation can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins, potentially affecting their function. In the provided example, the mutation changes a 'C' to a 'T', illustrating this concept.

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Point Mutations

DNA Base Pairing

DNA base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in the DNA double helix, where adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G). This complementary base pairing is crucial for DNA replication and transcription, ensuring genetic information is accurately passed on. Understanding base pairing is essential for analyzing mutations, as changes in one base can affect the entire sequence.

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DNA Structure

Effects of Mutations

Mutations can have various effects on an organism, ranging from benign to harmful. They can alter protein structure and function, potentially leading to diseases or changes in traits. In the context of the question, understanding how a transition mutation affects the DNA sequence helps predict the potential impact on the resulting protein and the organism's phenotype.

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Maternal Effect

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The partial amino acid sequence of a wild-type protein is

… Arg-Met-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Cys-Ser …

The same portion of the protein from a mutant has the sequence

… Arg-Met-Leu-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Phe …

Identify the type of mutation.

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A strain of E. coli is identified as having a null mutation of the RecA gene. What biological property do you expect to be absent in the mutant strain? What is the molecular basis for the missing property?

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The partial amino acid sequence of a wild-type protein is

… Arg-Met-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Cys-Ser …

The same portion of the protein from a mutant has the sequence

… Arg-Met-Leu-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Phe …

Give the sequence of the wild-type DNA template strand. Use A/G if the nucleotide could be either purine, T/C if it could be either pyrimidine, N if any nucleotide could occur at a site, or the alternative nucleotides if a purine and a pyrimidine are possible.

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Describe the difference between DNA transposons and retrotransposons.

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How are flanking direct repeat sequences created by transposition?

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Using the adenine–thymine base pair in this DNA sequence