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Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels
Sanders - Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach 3rd Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoSanders 3rd EditionCh. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular LevelsProblema 34a
Capitolo 20, Problema 34a

Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below. Which individual(s) in this family is/are inbred?

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Step 1: Understand the concept of inbreeding. Inbreeding occurs when individuals who are closely related genetically (e.g., cousins, siblings) reproduce. This increases the likelihood of homozygosity for recessive alleles, which can lead to genetic disorders.
Step 2: Analyze the pedigree chart provided. Look for instances where individuals share common ancestors, indicating a potential inbreeding event. Specifically, trace the lineage of each individual to identify shared ancestry.
Step 3: Focus on the offspring of unions between individuals who are related. In the chart, identify any individuals whose parents are cousins or otherwise closely related.
Step 4: Highlight the individuals who are products of such unions. For example, if two cousins have children, those children are considered inbred because their parents share a common ancestor.
Step 5: Confirm the inbred individuals by verifying the shared ancestry of their parents. Use the pedigree chart to ensure that the parents are indeed related and that the offspring are direct descendants of this union.

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Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree analysis is a method used to study the inheritance patterns of traits in families. It involves creating a diagram that represents family relationships and the transmission of genetic traits across generations. By analyzing the pedigree, one can identify carriers of specific traits, determine the mode of inheritance, and assess the likelihood of traits appearing in future generations.
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Pedigree Flowchart

Inbreeding

Inbreeding refers to the mating of individuals who are closely related genetically, which can increase the probability of offspring inheriting genetic disorders. In a pedigree, inbreeding is often indicated by a mating between individuals who share a common ancestor. This practice can lead to a higher incidence of homozygous recessive conditions due to the increased likelihood of both parents carrying the same recessive alleles.
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Non-Random Mating

Symbols in Pedigrees

In pedigree charts, specific symbols are used to represent individuals and their relationships. Males are typically represented by squares, while females are represented by circles. A filled symbol indicates an affected individual, while an empty symbol indicates an unaffected individual. Understanding these symbols is crucial for interpreting the pedigree and identifying patterns of inheritance, including potential inbreeding.
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Pedigree Symbols
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Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below for individual IV-1. What is F for this individual?

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Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below. Who is/are the common ancestor(s) of the inbred individual(s)?

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Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below. Calculate F for any inbred members of this family.

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The frequency of an autosomal recessive condition is 0.001 (1 in 1000) in a population.

Assuming individuals mate at random, what is the chance that two heterozygous individuals will mate?

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The following is a partial pedigree of the British royal family. The family contains several inbred individuals and a number of inbreeding pathways. Carefully evaluate the pedigree, and identify the pathways and common ancestors that produce inbred individuals A (Alice in generation IV), B (George VI in generation VI), and C (Charles in generation VIII).

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