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What is the difference between an acid and a base?
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Ch.3 Ionic Compounds
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 3, Problema 52
Which of the following ions are likely to form? Explain.
a. Li2+
b. K-
c. Mn3+
d. Zn4+
e. Ne+
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand the stability of ions based on their electron configurations. Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration, often resembling the nearest noble gas configuration.
Step 2: Analyze Li^2+. Lithium (Li) has an atomic number of 3, meaning it has 3 electrons. Removing 2 electrons would leave only 1 electron, which is highly unstable. Therefore, Li^2+ is unlikely to form.
Step 3: Analyze K-. Potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19, meaning it has 19 electrons. Adding an extra electron would result in 20 electrons, which would disrupt its stable electron configuration (similar to argon). Potassium typically loses one electron to form K+, so K- is unlikely to form.
Step 4: Analyze Mn^3+. Manganese (Mn) has an atomic number of 25. It can lose electrons to form stable ions, and Mn^3+ is a common oxidation state for manganese in compounds. Therefore, Mn^3+ is likely to form.
Step 5: Analyze Zn^4+ and Ne+. Zinc (Zn) has an atomic number of 30, and losing 4 electrons would require disrupting a stable d10 configuration, making Zn^4+ highly unlikely. Neon (Ne) is a noble gas with a stable electron configuration, and removing an electron to form Ne+ would disrupt this stability, making Ne+ unlikely to form.
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Ionic Charge and Stability
Ionic charge refers to the electrical charge an atom acquires when it loses or gains electrons. Ions with a stable electron configuration, typically resembling that of noble gases, are more likely to form. For example, elements tend to lose or gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell, which influences their likelihood of forming specific ions.
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02:33
Ionic Bonding Concept 1
Common Oxidation States
Oxidation states indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, reflecting the number of electrons lost or gained. Certain elements have well-known oxidation states; for instance, transition metals like manganese can exhibit multiple oxidation states, such as +3. Understanding these states helps predict which ions are likely to form based on the element's position in the periodic table.
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Percorso guidato
01:01States of Matter Example 1
Noble Gas Configuration
Noble gas configuration refers to the electron arrangement of noble gases, which are chemically inert due to their full valence shells. Atoms tend to form ions that achieve this stable configuration. For example, Ne+ suggests a loss of an electron from neon, which is unlikely since neon already has a full outer shell, making it a poor candidate for ion formation.
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01:08The Electron Configuration: Condensed
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