Domanda del libro di testo
Alcohol dehydrogenase, found in liver cells, converts ethanol into acetaldehyde. What type of protein is alcohol dehydrogenase?
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Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 18, Problema 4
Examine the ball-and-stick model of valine below. Identify the carboxyl group, the amino group, and the R group.
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Examine the ball-and-stick model of valine carefully. Identify the different types of atoms based on their color coding (e.g., carbon is typically black or gray, hydrogen is white, oxygen is red, and nitrogen is blue).
Locate the carboxyl group (-COOH). This group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Look for this specific arrangement in the model.
Identify the amino group (-NH2). This group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Look for this structure in the model.
Find the R group, which is the side chain specific to valine. In valine, the R group is an isopropyl group (-CH(CH3)2). Locate the carbon atom attached to the central carbon (alpha carbon) that branches into two methyl groups.
Label each of these groups (carboxyl, amino, and R group) on the model to clearly distinguish them. This will help in understanding the structure of valine and its functional groups.
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Carboxyl Group
The carboxyl group is a functional group characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group (-COOH). In amino acids like valine, the carboxyl group is essential for forming peptide bonds during protein synthesis and contributes to the acid properties of the molecule.
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Percorso guidato
1:00
Functional Groups with Carbonyls Example 3
Amino Group
The amino group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (-NH2). This group is fundamental in amino acids, as it acts as a base, accepting protons and contributing to the molecule's overall charge. The presence of the amino group is what classifies these compounds as amino acids.
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2:21Amino Acid Catabolism: Amino Group Concept 2
R Group (Side Chain)
The R group, or side chain, is the variable part of an amino acid that determines its unique characteristics and properties. In valine, the R group is an isopropyl group, which makes it a non-polar, hydrophobic amino acid. The nature of the R group influences protein structure and function.
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Percorso guidato
3:10Intro to Electron Transport Chain Concept 1
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Valine is an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain and serine is one with a polar side chain. Draw the two amino acids.
a. Why is the side chain for valine nonpolar, whereas the side chain for serine is polar?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Indicate whether each of the following molecules is an α-amino acid or not, and explain why.
a.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Consult Table 18.3 and draw alanine. Label the functional groups and give the three-letter abbreviation and the one-letter abbreviation. What group does the side chain fall into?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Cortisol levels rise under stressful conditions. Oxytocin can induce relaxation and romantic feelings. What type of protein are cortisol and oxytocin?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Using Table 18.3, name the α-amino acids that (a) contain an aromatic ring, (b) contain sulfur, (c) are alcohols, and (d) have alkyl-group side chains.
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