Balance each of the following neutralization equations:a. HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(s) → H2O(l) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)

Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium

Timberlake - Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 13th Edition

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Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium

Problema 48a

Capitolo 10, Problema 48a

Balance each of the following neutralization equations:
a. HNO₃(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(s) → H₂O(l) + Ba(NO₃)₂(aq)

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Identify the reactants and products in the equation: HNO₃ (nitric acid) reacts with Ba(OH)₂ (barium hydroxide) to produce H₂O (water) and Ba(NO₃)₂ (barium nitrate). This is a neutralization reaction where an acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt.

Write the unbalanced chemical equation:

HNO_3(aq) + Ba(OH)_2(s) → H_2O(l) + Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)

Balance the barium (Ba) atoms. There is one Ba atom on both sides of the equation, so it is already balanced.

Balance the nitrate (NO₃) groups. On the product side, Ba(NO₃)₂ contains two nitrate groups, so you need two HNO₃ molecules on the reactant side. Update the equation to:

2HNO_3(aq) + Ba(OH)_2(s) → H_2O(l) + Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)

Balance the hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms. On the reactant side, there are 2 H atoms from HNO₃ and 2 H atoms from Ba(OH)₂, making a total of 4 H atoms. On the product side, water (H₂O) contains 2 H atoms per molecule, so you need 2 H₂O molecules. Update the final balanced equation to:

2HNO_3(aq) + Ba(OH)_2(s) → 2H_2O(l) + Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)

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Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this process, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from the base to form water (H₂O). The remaining ions form the salt, which in this case is barium nitrate (Ba(NO₃)₂). Understanding this concept is crucial for balancing the given equation.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is achieved by adjusting the coefficients in front of the chemical formulas. The law of conservation of mass dictates that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, making balancing essential for accurate representation of the reaction.

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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced equation. It allows chemists to predict the amounts of substances consumed and produced. In the context of the neutralization reaction, stoichiometry helps determine the correct coefficients needed to balance the equation, ensuring that the proportions of reactants and products are consistent with the reaction's chemical properties.

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