Classify each of the following pure substances as an element or a compound:

b. hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)

Classify each of the following pure substances as an element or a compound:

d. rust (Fe₂O₃)

Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture:

c. ice (H₂O)

A dietitian includes one of the following mixtures in the lunch menu. Classify each as homogeneous or heterogeneous.

b. tea

Indicate whether each of the following describes a gas, a liquid, or a solid:

a. Lemonade has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container

Indicate whether each of the following describes a gas, a liquid, or a solid:

b. The particles in a tank of oxygen are very far apart.

Indicate whether each of the following describes a gas, a liquid, or a solid:

c. Helium occupies the entire volume of a balloon.

Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property:

a. Chromium is a steel-gray solid.

Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property:

b. Hydrogen reacts readily with oxygen.

Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property:

a. Neon is a colorless gas at room temperature.

Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property:

b. Apple slices turn brown when they are exposed to air.

Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property:

e. Propane gas is compressed to a liquid for placement in a small cylinder.

What type of change, physical or chemical, takes place in each of the following?

d. A puzzle is cut into 1000 pieces.

What type of change, physical or chemical, takes place in each of the following?

c. A tree is cut into boards at a saw mill.

Water is heated to 145 °F. What is the temperature of the hot water in degrees Celsius?

During extreme hypothermia, a child's temperature dropped to 20.6 °C. What was his temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?

Discuss the changes in the potential and kinetic energy of a roller-coaster ride as the roller-coaster car climbs to the top and goes down the other side.

Indicate whether each of the following statements describes potential or kinetic energy:

b. kicking a ball

Indicate whether each of the following statements describes potential or kinetic energy:

c. the energy in a lump of coal

Using the energy values for foods (see TABLE 3.7), determine each of the following (round off the answer for each food type to the tens place):

d. the grams of fat in one avocado that has 405 kcal, 13 g of carbohydrate, and 5 g of protein

Using the energy values for foods (see TABLE 3.7), determine each of the following (round off the answer for each food type to the tens place):

a. the total kilojoules in two tablespoons of crunchy peanut butter that contains 6 g of carbohydrate, 16 g of fat, and 7 g of protein

For dinner, Charles had one cup of clam chowder, which contains 16 g of carbohydrate, 12 g of fat, and 9 g of protein. How much energy, in kilocalories and kilojoules, is in the clam chowder? (Round off the answer for each food type to the tens place.)

A patient receives 3.2 L of intravenous (IV) glucose solution. If 100. mL of the solution contains 5.0 g of glucose (carbohydrate), how many kilocalories did the patient obtain from the glucose solution?

If the same amount of heat is supplied to samples of 10.0 g each of aluminum, iron, and copper all at 15.0 °C, which sample would reach the highest temperature (see TABLE 3.11)?

Use the heat equation to calculate the energy, in joules and calories, for each of the following (see TABLE 3.11):

c. lost when 15.0 g of ethanol, C₂H₆O, cools from 60.5 °C to −42.0 °C

Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:

a. Dry ice in an ice-cream cart disappears.

Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:

b. Snow on the ground turns to liquid water.

Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:

c. Heat is removed from 125 g of liquid water at 0 °C.

Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:

d. Frost (ice) forms on the walls of a freezer unit of a refrigerator.

Using the values for the heat of fusion, specific heat of water, and/or heat of vaporization, calculate the amount of heat energy in each of the following:

c. kilojoules needed to melt 24.0 g of ice at 0 °C, warm the liquid to 100 °C, and change it to steam at 100 °C