Domanda del libro di testo
Consider the amino acids lysine, valine, and aspartate in an enzyme. State which of these amino acids have R groups that would:
b. be found in hydrophilic regions
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Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 16, Problema 81c
Consider the amino acids lysine, valine, and aspartate in an enzyme. State which of these amino acids have R groups that would:
c. form hydrogen bonds
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the R groups (side chains) of the given amino acids: lysine, valine, and aspartate. Lysine has an amino group (-NH3+) in its side chain, valine has a branched alkyl group, and aspartate has a carboxyl group (-COO−) in its side chain.
Recall the conditions for hydrogen bonding: Hydrogen bonds form between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (like O, N, or F) and another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons.
Analyze the R group of lysine. The amino group (-NH3+) in lysine's side chain can participate in hydrogen bonding because nitrogen is electronegative and can interact with hydrogen bond acceptors or donors.
Analyze the R group of valine. The branched alkyl group in valine is nonpolar and lacks electronegative atoms, so it cannot form hydrogen bonds.
Analyze the R group of aspartate. The carboxyl group (-COO−) in aspartate's side chain contains oxygen atoms, which are electronegative and can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, allowing aspartate to form hydrogen bonds.
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Amino Acid Structure
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group (side chain). The R group determines the unique properties of each amino acid, influencing how they interact with each other and with other molecules.
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Percorso guidato
3:03
Amino Acid Catabolism: Amino Group Example 2
Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions that occur between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom. In the context of amino acids, R groups that contain polar functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) or amine (-NH2) groups, can participate in hydrogen bonding, which is crucial for protein structure and function.
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1:22Hydrogenation Reactions Concept 1
Polarity of R Groups
The polarity of an amino acid's R group affects its ability to form hydrogen bonds. Polar R groups, which have uneven distribution of electrical charge, can interact with water and other polar molecules, facilitating hydrogen bond formation. In contrast, nonpolar R groups do not engage in hydrogen bonding, impacting the overall behavior of proteins in biological systems.
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Percorso guidato
01:34Molecular Polarity (Simplified) Concept 1
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