Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells and targets extracellular pathogens, while cellular immunity is mediated by T cells and targets intracellular pathogens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic attribute of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response to all pathogens

Question 3

A patient receives antibodies from another individual after exposure to a toxin. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 4

Which class of antibody is the first to be produced during a primary immune response and is most efficient at agglutination?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 5

What is the main function of MHC class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

Present antigens to helper T cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why passive immunity is effective more quickly than active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity involves the direct transfer of antibodies, providing immediate protection.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Activating complement and inflammation

Question 8

A mutation causes a person’s T cells to fail to undergo clonal deletion. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Development of autoimmune diseases

Question 9

Which of the following cytokines is most important for activating macrophages and is secreted by Type 1 helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interferon-gamma (IFN-\gamma)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies coat pathogens to enhance phagocytosis.

Question 11

Which type of antigen is presented on the surface of all nucleated cells and is recognized by cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Endogenous antigen

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of IgG antibodies?

Accepted Answer

They are the only antibody class that can cross the placenta.

Question 13

A child with a deficiency in helper T cells would most likely have which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Impaired regulation of both B cell and cytotoxic T cell responses

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of regulatory T cells (Tr cells)?

Accepted Answer

They suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the lymphatic system’s role in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It screens tissues for foreign antigens and transports lymphocytes.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why T-independent antibody responses are weaker and shorter-lived than T-dependent responses?

Accepted Answer

T-independent responses do not involve memory cell formation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of chemokines in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Signaling leukocytes to migrate to sites of infection

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal deletion?

Accepted Answer

The elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes to prevent autoimmunity

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of antibody class and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

IgE – signals eosinophils and triggers allergic responses

Question 20

A patient is infected with an intracellular bacterium. Which immune response is most critical for clearing this infection?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity mediated by cytotoxic T cells

Adaptive Immunity: Mechanisms, Cells, and Clinical Applications

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