Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a:

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 4

In the lac operon, what happens when lactose is present?

Accepted Answer

Allolactose binds to the repressor, inactivating it and allowing transcription.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They may carry genes for antibiotic resistance.

Question 6

What is the role of cAMP in the regulation of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

It binds to CAP, which then binds to the promoter to enhance transcription.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame.

Question 8

Which process involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 9

In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of snRNPs during gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They remove introns and splice exons together in pre-mRNA.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows genetic material to be exchanged between cells of the same generation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-life application of genomics in clinical settings?

Accepted Answer

Identifying antibiotic resistance genes in a pathogen to guide treatment.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the base pairing in DNA is important?

Accepted Answer

It ensures accurate replication and transmission of genetic information.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of an inducible operon?

Accepted Answer

It is turned on by the presence of an inducer.

Question 14

A chemical mutagen that causes adenine to pair with cytosine instead of thymine is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Nitrous acid

Question 15

Which of the following is a method bacteria use to repair UV-induced thymine dimers?

Accepted Answer

Photolyase-mediated light repair

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of transposons?

Accepted Answer

They move segments of DNA from one location to another within a genome.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the Ames test?

Accepted Answer

It detects mutagenic potential of chemicals by measuring reversion rates in bacteria.

Question 18

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, mRNA is processed to remove introns before translation.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional regulation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The action of microRNAs (miRNAs) binding to mRNA to prevent translation.

Question 20

A bacterium acquires a gene for antibiotic resistance from another bacterium of the same generation. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Horizontal gene transfer

Microbial Genetics: Structure, Function, and Regulation of Genetic Material

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