Ch. 13 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Tortora - Microbiology: An Introduction 14th Edition

Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo

Tortora 14th Edition

Ch. 13 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Problema 2

Capitolo 9, Problema 2

List the four properties that define a virus. What is a virion?

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Identify the four key properties that define a virus, which typically include: (1) being acellular, meaning viruses are not made of cells; (2) containing genetic material, either DNA or RNA, but not both; (3) requiring a host cell to replicate, as viruses cannot reproduce independently; and (4) having a protein coat called a capsid that encases the genetic material.

Explain that viruses lack metabolic processes and cannot generate energy or synthesize proteins on their own, which distinguishes them from living cells.

Define a virion as the complete, infectious form of a virus outside a host cell, consisting of the viral genome enclosed within the protective protein coat (capsid), and sometimes surrounded by an envelope derived from the host cell membrane.

Clarify that the virion is the extracellular particle that can transfer the viral genome from one host cell to another, enabling infection.

Summarize by linking the properties of viruses to the structure and function of the virion, emphasizing its role in the viral life cycle.

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Properties that Define a Virus

Viruses are defined by four main properties: they contain genetic material (DNA or RNA), are surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid, lack cellular structure, and require a host cell to replicate. These features distinguish viruses from living cells and other microorganisms.

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Genetic Material in Viruses

Viruses carry either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, but never both. This nucleic acid encodes the information necessary for viral replication and infection, and its type is a key factor in virus classification.

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Genetic Code

Virion Definition

A virion is the complete, infectious form of a virus outside a host cell. It consists of the viral genome enclosed within the protective protein coat (capsid), and sometimes an outer lipid envelope, enabling the virus to survive and transmit between hosts.

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Pratica correlata

Domanda del libro di testo

Describe the four morphological classes of viruses, then diagram and give an example of each.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Which of the following would be the first step in the biosynthesis of a virus with reverse transcriptase?

a. A complementary strand of RNA must be synthesized.

b. Double-stranded RNA must be synthesized.

c. A complementary strand of DNA must be synthesized from an RNA template.

d. A complementary strand of DNA must be synthesized from a DNA template.

e. None of the above

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Domanda del libro di testo

Place the following in the most likely order for biosynthesis of a bacteriophage: (1) phage lysozyme; (2) mRNA; (3) DNA; (4) viral proteins; (5) DNA polymerase.

a. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

b. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

c. 5, 3, 4, 2, 1

d. 3, 5, 2, 4, 1

e. 2, 5, 3, 4, 1

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Domanda del libro di testo

The molecule serving as mRNA can be incorporated in the newly synthesized virus capsids of all of the following except

a. + strand RNA picornaviruses.

b. + strand RNA togaviruses.

c. - strand RNA rhabdoviruses.