An athlete follows a very low-carbohydrate diet for a week and then performs a 30-second maximal sprint. Which performance outcome is most plausible and why?

Performance will substantially improve because absence of dietary carbs forces immediate upregulation of protein synthesis that enhances sprint power.

Performance becomes dependent exclusively on ketone bodies produced during low carbohydrate intake because muscles cannot use fatty acids under any circumstances for ATP.

Performance likely decreases because short, maximal efforts rely heavily on stored muscle glycogen and readily available carbohydrate-derived ATP, which are depleted on low-carbohydrate diets.

Performance will be unchanged because fats can be oxidized fast enough anaerobically to supply ATP for a 30-second sprint as efficiently as glycogen.