Which of the following best classifies an ergogenic aid?

A training program or diet plan exclusively designed by a coach to increase endurance without use of supplements or equipment

Any nutrient that is essential for life regardless of its use for performance, such as vitamins and minerals required for normal physiology and not specifically targeted to enhance performance

Only pharmacological agents that are banned in sport and increase muscle mass beyond natural limits through hormonal manipulation

A substance, device, or technique used to enhance athletic performance or recovery