Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10}(\text{[H}^+\text{]})$$

Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the percentage of fat absorbed if 95% of fat consumed is absorbed?

$$\text{Percent Absorbed} = \frac{\text{Amount Absorbed}}{\text{Amount Consumed}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis pushes the contents of the GI tract forward through rhythmic muscular contractions.

Question 2

A meal high in dietary fibre will most likely have which effect on the transit time through the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease transit time, causing food to pass more quickly.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}(	ext{[H}^+	ext{]})$$

Question 4

Which digestive organ is primarily responsible for the absorption of most nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 5

A patient presents with symptoms of lactose intolerance. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Low production of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine

Question 6

Which of the following statements about dietary fibre is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fibre exits the digestive system in the same form as it entered.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for moving nutrients from the digestive tract into the blood and lymphatic systems?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption of water and minerals

Question 9

Which equation would you use to calculate the percentage of fat absorbed if 95% of fat consumed is absorbed?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percent Absorbed} = \frac{	ext{Amount Absorbed}}{	ext{Amount Consumed}} 	imes 100$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine has such a large surface area?

Accepted Answer

It contains villi and microvilli that increase the area for absorption.

Question 11

A person with diverticulosis is advised to increase their dietary fibre intake. What is the physiological reason for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Fibre increases fecal mass, stimulating muscle contractions and strengthening intestinal muscles.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

Bile

Question 13

Which scenario best illustrates the chemical aspect of digestion?

Accepted Answer

Stomach enzymes breaking down proteins into amino acids

Question 14

Which of the following is a common misconception about lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance means all dairy products must be avoided.

Question 15

Which equation would you use to estimate the amount of new tissue replaced daily if a person weighs 70 kg and 5% of their body weight is replaced each day?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{New Tissue} = 0.05 	imes 70 	ext{ kg}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for diarrhea in children worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Improving food and water sanitation and immunizations

Question 17

Which of the following nutrients is primarily absorbed by the lymphatic system rather than the blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Fat digestion by-products

Question 18

Which equation would you use to calculate the total surface area of the small intestine if it is 675 square feet?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Surface Area} = 675 	ext{ ft}^2$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the sphincter muscles in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

They prevent reflux of contents between digestive organs.

Digestion and Absorption: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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