Skip to main content
Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis
Mullins - Organic Chemistry: A Learner Centered Approach 1st Edition
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoMullins 1st EditionCh. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational AnalysisProblema 44a
Capitolo 2, Problema 44a

Based on the formal charge, determine how many lone pairs are on each indicated atom.
(a) Diagram showing a molecule with labeled atoms (a) OH group and (b) O atom, indicating formal charge and lone pairs.

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Step 1: Recall the formula for calculating formal charge: Formal Charge = (Valence Electrons) - (Non-bonding Electrons) - (1/2 × Bonding Electrons). This formula will help us determine the number of lone pairs on the indicated atom.
Step 2: Identify the valence electrons for the indicated atom. Refer to the periodic table to determine the number of valence electrons for the atom in question.
Step 3: Count the bonding electrons around the indicated atom. These are the electrons shared in covalent bonds. Each bond contributes two electrons.
Step 4: Count the non-bonding electrons (lone pairs) around the indicated atom. These are the electrons not involved in bonding. Use the formal charge formula to solve for the number of non-bonding electrons.
Step 5: Divide the non-bonding electrons by two to determine the number of lone pairs on the indicated atom. Verify your result by ensuring the formal charge matches the given or expected value.

Risposta video verificata per un problema simile:

Questa soluzione video è stata consigliata dai nostri tutor come utile per risolvere questo problema.
Durata del video:
2m

Concetti chiave

Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.

Formal Charge

Formal charge is a theoretical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated by taking the number of valence electrons in the free atom, subtracting the number of non-bonding electrons, and half the number of bonding electrons. It helps in determining the most stable structure of a molecule by minimizing the formal charges across the atoms.
Video consigliato:
01:34
Calculating formal and net charge.

Lone Pairs

Lone pairs are pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding and are localized on a specific atom. They play a crucial role in determining the geometry and reactivity of molecules, as they can influence the shape and polarity of the molecule.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
2:56
Base Pairing Concept 1

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They provide a visual representation of the arrangement of electrons, allowing for the determination of formal charges and the identification of lone pairs on specific atoms.
Video consigliato:
04:12
Drawing the Lewis Structure for N2H4.
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

Given the line-angle drawings shown, answer the following questions:

(i) How many carbons are in each molecule?

(ii) How many hydrogens are at the circled carbon?

(iii) Is the indicated (→) carbon or 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4°?

(c)

1064
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Draw the most stable chair conformation for the following trisubstituted cyclohexane.

1773
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Draw two different chair conformations for each of the following molecules. Make sure that your drawings clearly show the cis–trans stereochemistry.

(c)

939
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Modify the following line-angle drawings to show all lone pairs.

(b)

1253
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Modify the following line-angle drawings to show all lone pairs.

(a)

1353
views
Domanda del libro di testo

For each pair of conformations you drew in Assessment 3.41, indicate which is most stable.

1037
views