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Ch. 18 - Ketones and Aldehydes
Wade - Organic Chemistry 9th Edition
Wade9th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213728Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoWade 9th EditionCh. 18 - Ketones and AldehydesProblema 12a
Capitolo 18, Problema 12a

Sodium triacetoxyborohydride, NaBH(OAc)3, is a mild reducing agent that reduces aldehydes much more quickly than ketones. It can be used to reduce aldehydes in the presence of ketones, such as in the following reaction:
Lewis structure of sodium triacetoxyborohydride reducing aldehydes to alcohols in a chemical reaction.
(a) Draw a complete Lewis structure for sodium triacetoxyborohydride.

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1
Identify the components of sodium triacetoxyborohydride, NaBH(OAc)3. It consists of a sodium ion (Na+), a boron atom (B), and three acetate groups (OAc).
Understand that the acetate group (OAc) is a shorthand for CH3COO-. Each acetate group is bonded to the boron atom through the oxygen atom.
Draw the boron atom at the center of the structure. Boron typically forms three covalent bonds and can accommodate an additional bond due to its empty p-orbital.
Attach each of the three acetate groups to the boron atom through the oxygen atom. Each oxygen atom in the acetate group will form a single bond with the boron atom.
Include the sodium ion (Na+) in the structure. It is typically not covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule but is present to balance the charge of the borohydride anion.

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Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride

Sodium triacetoxyborohydride, NaBH(OAc)3, is a selective reducing agent commonly used in organic synthesis. It is particularly effective at reducing aldehydes to alcohols while leaving ketones largely unaffected. This selectivity is due to its mild reducing power, which allows it to differentiate between the more reactive aldehyde carbonyl group and the less reactive ketone carbonyl group.
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Sodium Alkynide Alkylation

Reduction of Aldehydes

Reduction of aldehydes involves the conversion of the carbonyl group (C=O) into an alcohol group (C-OH). This process typically requires a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride, which donates hydride ions (H-) to the carbonyl carbon, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The reaction is crucial in organic chemistry for synthesizing alcohols from aldehydes.
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Name the aldehyde

Lewis Structure

A Lewis structure is a diagrammatic representation of the valence electrons in a molecule, showing how atoms are bonded together. It includes symbols for the elements, lines for bonds, and dots for lone pairs of electrons. Drawing the Lewis structure for sodium triacetoxyborohydride involves representing the boron atom bonded to three acetate groups and a hydride ion, highlighting the electron distribution and molecular geometry.
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Domanda del libro di testo

Sodium triacetoxyborohydride, NaBH(OAc)3, is a mild reducing agent that reduces aldehydes much more quickly than ketones. It can be used to reduce aldehydes in the presence of ketones, such as in the following reaction:

(b) Propose a mechanism for the reduction of an aldehyde by sodium triacetoxyborohydride.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Propose mechanisms for

(b) the base-catalyzed hydration of acetone to form acetone hydrate.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Show how you would accomplish the following synthetic conversions. You may use any additional reagents and solvents you need.

(b)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Show how you would accomplish the following synthetic conversions. You may use any additional reagents and solvents you need.

(d)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Show how you would accomplish the following synthetic conversions. You may use any additional reagents and solvents you need.

(a)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Propose mechanisms for

(a) the acid-catalyzed hydration of chloral to form chloral hydrate.

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