Domanda del libro di testo
Predict the compound in each pair that will undergo solvolysis (in aqueous ethanol) more rapidly.
(c)
(d)
855
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Ch.6 - Alkyl Halides; Nucleophilic Substitution
Wade9th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213728
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Structure and Bonding107
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases; Functional Groups115
- Ch.3 - Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes100
- Ch.4 - The Study of Chemical Reactions99
- Ch.5 - Stereochemistry93
- Ch.6 - Alkyl Halides; Nucleophilic Substitution118
- Ch. 7 - Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes; Elimination158
- Ch.8 - Reactions of Alkenes171
- Ch.9 - Alkynes91
- Ch.10 - Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols143
- Ch.11 - Reactions of Alcohols104
- Ch. 12 - Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry22
- Ch. 13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy45
- Ch. 14 - Ethers, Epoxides, and Thioethers72
- Ch. 15 - Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy89
- Ch. 16 - Aromatic Compounds74
- Ch. 17 - Reactions of Aromatic Compounds126
- Ch. 18 - Ketones and Aldehydes193
- Ch. 19 - Amines129
- Ch. 20 - Carboxylic Acids77
- Ch. 21 - Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 22 - Condensations and Alpha Substitutions of Carbonyl Compounds175
- Ch. 23 - Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids93
- Ch. 24 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins54
Capitolo 6, Problema 37a
When ethyl bromide is added to potassium tert-butoxide, the product is ethyl tert-butyl ether.
CH3CH2–Br + (CH3)3C–O–K+ → (CH3)3C–O–CH2CH3 ethyl bromide potassium tert-butoxide ethyl tert-butyl ether
a. What happens to the reaction rate if the concentration of ethyl bromide is doubled?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Recognize that this reaction is an example of a Williamson ether synthesis, which proceeds via an SN2 (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) mechanism.
Step 2: Recall that the rate of an SN2 reaction depends on the concentrations of both the nucleophile (potassium tert-butoxide) and the electrophile (ethyl bromide). The rate law for an SN2 reaction is: , where is the alkyl halide (ethyl bromide) and is the nucleophile (tert-butoxide).
Step 3: Analyze the effect of doubling the concentration of ethyl bromide. Since the rate law is directly proportional to the concentration of ethyl bromide, doubling its concentration will double the reaction rate, assuming the concentration of potassium tert-butoxide remains constant.
Step 4: Understand that this proportional relationship is a hallmark of the SN2 mechanism, where the reaction rate depends on the simultaneous interaction of the nucleophile and the electrophile in the rate-determining step.
Step 5: Conclude that if the concentration of ethyl bromide is doubled, the reaction rate will also double, as per the rate law for an SN2 reaction.
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Concetti chiave
Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.
Reaction Rate
The reaction rate refers to the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. It is influenced by factors such as concentration, temperature, and the presence of catalysts. In this context, understanding how the concentration of ethyl bromide affects the reaction rate is crucial for predicting the outcome of the reaction.
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Percorso guidato
5:07
Rates of Intramolecular Reactions Concept 2
Concentration and Rate Law
The rate law expresses the relationship between the concentration of reactants and the rate of the reaction. For a reaction involving ethyl bromide, if the rate law indicates a first-order dependence on its concentration, doubling the concentration would double the reaction rate. This concept is essential for analyzing how changes in reactant concentrations impact the overall reaction kinetics.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
2:36The Beer-Lambert Law Concept 1
Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanism
The reaction between ethyl bromide and potassium tert-butoxide involves a nucleophilic substitution mechanism, where the nucleophile (tert-butoxide) attacks the electrophilic carbon in ethyl bromide. Understanding this mechanism helps in predicting how the reaction proceeds and how the concentration of reactants influences the rate of product formation.
Video consigliato:
01:47Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Substitution Reactions.
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
When tert-butyl bromide is heated with an equal amount of ethanol in an inert solvent, one of the products is ethyl tert-butyl ether.
a. What happens to the reaction rate if the concentration of ethanol is doubled?
1128
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Domanda del libro di testo
Show how each compound might be synthesized by the SN2 displacement of an alkyl halide.
e. H2C=CH—CH2CN
f. H—C≡C—CH2CH2CH3
2346
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Domanda del libro di testo
When ethyl bromide is added to potassium tert-butoxide, the product is ethyl tert-butyl ether.
CH3CH2–Br + (CH3)3C–O–K+ → (CH3)3C–O–CH2CH3 ethyl bromide potassium tert-butoxide ethyl tert-butyl ether
b. What happens to the rate if the concentration of potassium tert-butoxide is tripled and the concentration of ethyl bromide is doubled?
c. What happens to the rate if the temperature is raised?
1798
views
Domanda del libro di testo
When tert-butyl bromide is heated with an equal amount of ethanol in an inert solvent, one of the products is ethyl tert-butyl ether.
b. What happens to the rate if the concentration of tert-butyl bromide is tripled and the concentration of ethanol is doubled?
c. What happens to the rate if the temperature is raised?
1201
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Domanda del libro di testo
Give two syntheses for (CH3)2CH—O—CH2CH3, and explain which synthesis is better.
1971
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