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Ch 22: Electric Charges and Forces
Knight Calc - Physics for Scientists and Engineers 5th Edition
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 22, Problema 71

A 5.0 g ball charged to 1.5 μC is tied to a 25-cm-long string. It swings at 250 rpm in a horizontal circle around a stationary ball charged to −2.5 μC. What is the tension in the string?

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Convert all given quantities to SI units: mass of the ball (m = 5.0 g = 0.005 kg), charge of the moving ball (q₁ = 1.5 μC = 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ C), charge of the stationary ball (q₂ = -2.5 μC = -2.5 × 10⁻⁶ C), string length (r = 25 cm = 0.25 m), and angular velocity (ω = 250 rpm = (250 × 2π) / 60 rad/s).
Determine the centripetal force required to keep the ball moving in a horizontal circle. The centripetal force is provided by the horizontal component of the tension in the string. Use the formula for centripetal force: F_c = m * r * ω².
Calculate the electrostatic force between the two charges using Coulomb's law: F_e = (k * |q₁ * q₂|) / r², where k is Coulomb's constant (k = 8.99 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²). This force acts along the line connecting the two charges.
Resolve the tension in the string into two components: the horizontal component (T_h) provides the centripetal force (T_h = F_c), and the vertical component (T_v) balances the weight of the ball (T_v = m * g, where g = 9.8 m/s²).
Combine the components of tension to find the total tension in the string using the Pythagorean theorem: T = √(T_h² + T_v²). Substitute the expressions for T_h and T_v to calculate the total tension.

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Centripetal Force

Centripetal force is the net force required to keep an object moving in a circular path, directed towards the center of the circle. In this scenario, the tension in the string provides the necessary centripetal force to keep the charged ball moving in a horizontal circle. The formula for centripetal force is F_c = m(v^2/r), where m is the mass, v is the tangential speed, and r is the radius of the circle.
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Intro to Centripetal Forces

Electric Force

The electric force is the attractive or repulsive force between charged objects, described by Coulomb's Law. In this case, the charged stationary ball exerts an electric force on the swinging ball, which affects the net force acting on it. The magnitude of the electric force can be calculated using F_e = k * |q1 * q2| / r^2, where k is Coulomb's constant, and q1 and q2 are the charges of the two balls.
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Work due to Electric Force

Tension in a String

Tension is the force transmitted through a string, rope, or cable when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends. In this problem, the tension in the string must balance both the centripetal force required for circular motion and the electric force acting on the charged ball. The net force acting on the ball can be expressed as T - F_e = F_c, where T is the tension, F_e is the electric force, and F_c is the centripetal force.
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Energy & Power of Waves on Strings
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