Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of individuals about which we want to learn, while a sample is a part of the population from which data are collected.

Question 2

In a study, researchers surveyed 1,024 American adults and found that 67% supported a policy. What is the variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

Whether an adult supports the policy

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average score of all students in a university

Question 4

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of all high school students in a city. She measures the height of 200 randomly selected students. Which of the following best describes the 200 students?

Accepted Answer

The sample

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the five steps of statistics?

Accepted Answer

Ignore outliers in the data

Question 6

Suppose a survey asks, 'Do you agree that the government should not reduce funding for education?' and most respondents answer 'yes.' Which type of bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Response bias

Question 7

A group of students surveys only those studying in the library and finds that 90% study every day. What is the most likely source of bias?

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Question 8

Which of the following statements is an example of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

We estimate that 60% of all adults in the country exercise regularly based on our sample.

Question 9

Which formula would you use to calculate the proportion of female students in a college if there are 11,244 female students out of 19,456 total students?

Accepted Answer

$$p = \frac{11,244}{19,456}$$

Question 10

A study finds that 32% of a sample of 1,300 high school students reported being bullied. What is this 32% called?

Accepted Answer

A statistic

Question 11

Which of the following best describes sampling error?

Accepted Answer

Error due to using a sample to estimate information about a population

Question 12

In an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?

Accepted Answer

To provide a baseline for comparison with the treatment group

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of response bias?

Accepted Answer

People giving answers they think are socially acceptable rather than their true opinions

Question 14

A researcher collects data from a sample and uses it to make conclusions about the population. Which type of statistics is being used?

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics

Question 15

Which of the following is a step in selecting a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

Assign a unique number to each individual in the population

Question 16

If a study's sample is not representative of the population, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The results will be misleading due to sampling bias

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a variable in a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

A characteristic of the individuals to be measured or observed

Question 18

A study concludes that a restricted diet increases the lifespan of Labrador Retrievers based on a sample of 48 dogs. Is this conclusion descriptive or inferential?

Accepted Answer

Inferential

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of nonresponse bias?

Accepted Answer

Some individuals selected for the survey do not participate

Question 20

Which formula would you use to estimate the proportion of female students in a random sample if 591 out of 1,000 selected students are female?

Accepted Answer

$$\hat{p} = \frac{591}{1,000}$$

Designing Observational Studies and Experiments: Foundations of Introductory Statistics

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