Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results from exposure to an antigen and the subsequent immune response, while passive immunity results from the transfer of antibodies from another individual or source.

Question 2

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which antibody class is most abundant in the secondary immune response and can cross the placenta to provide immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

What is the role of the epitope in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is the part of the antigen recognized by the immune system and bound by antibodies.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why autoimmune diseases occur?

Accepted Answer

The immune system produces antibodies that attack self-antigens due to a failure in self-tolerance.

Question 6

A patient receives an injection of gamma globulin after exposure to hepatitis. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells (CD4)?

Accepted Answer

Secrete interleukins to stimulate and coordinate the activity of other immune cells

Question 8

Which process describes how antigens are processed and presented to T cells?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are phagocytized by antigen-presenting cells, degraded, and fragments are displayed on the cell surface with MHC proteins.

Question 9

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for the primary immune response and is found as a pentamer in plasma?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 10

A person experiences anaphylactic shock after exposure to a bee sting. Which antibody class is most directly involved in this hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cytotoxic T cells (CD8)?

Accepted Answer

They directly attack and destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antigen binds to B cell receptor → B cell proliferation → Plasma cell formation → Antibody secretion

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and stronger than a primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells generated during the primary response quickly recognize and respond to the antigen upon re-exposure.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Direct destruction of infected host cells

Question 15

A patient with AIDS is highly susceptible to infections because HIV primarily destroys which type of immune cell?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an 'ID tag' to present antigen fragments to T cells.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios is an example of artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine containing dead or attenuated pathogens

Question 18

Which antibody class is found as a dimer in mucus, saliva, tears, and milk, and helps prevent pathogen adherence to epithelial surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible mechanism for the development of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Cross-reactivity of antibodies to self-antigens

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Only lymphocytes with receptors specific to the encountered antigen are stimulated to proliferate and differentiate.

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral and Cellular Responses

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