$$\text{Neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy focuses on the spatial relationships and appearance of body structures, while physiology examines how those structures work.

Question 2

A patient suffers blunt trauma to the abdomen. Which body cavity is most likely affected, and what major organs might be at risk?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal cavity; digestive organs such as the liver and intestines

Question 3

If a solution has a pH of 5, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a neutral solution.

Question 4

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Predict the direction of water movement and the effect on cell volume.

Accepted Answer

Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 5

Which equation correctly calculates the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose, reducing the stimulus for insulin.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structural organization of the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid tails are hydrophobic and face inward, away from water.

Question 9

During skeletal muscle contraction, which of the following changes occur in the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

The I band and H zone shorten, while the A band remains the same.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into secretory vesicles

Question 11

A patient with severe dehydration has hypertonic extracellular fluid. What is the most likely effect on their cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will lose water and shrink.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the action potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization occurs when K+ leaves the neuron.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a serous membrane and its associated organ?

Accepted Answer

Peritoneum – abdominopelvic organs

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

Accepted Answer

ADH increases kidney water reabsorption and decreases urine volume.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase reaction rates without being permanently consumed.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?

Accepted Answer

Basale → Spinosum → Granulosum → Lucidum → Corneum

Question 18

A muscle must cross a joint to directly produce movement at that joint. Which muscle illustrates this principle by crossing both the hip and knee?

Accepted Answer

Biceps femoris long head

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Striated, involuntary, branched cells with intercalated discs

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Accepted Answer

Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

ANAT 105: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology – Midterm Study Guide

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