Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

The SNS innervates skeletal muscles, while the ANS innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 4

Which of the following pathways correctly describes the route of a sympathetic preganglionic fiber destined for the abdominopelvic viscera?

Accepted Answer

Passes through the sympathetic chain ganglion without synapsing, then synapses in a collateral ganglion

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of respiratory passages

Question 6

A patient with Raynaud’s disease is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms during cold exposure?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of small arteries in the fingers

Question 7

Which cranial nerve carries the majority of parasympathetic outflow to the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Accepted Answer

CN X (Vagus)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the effects of the sympathetic division are more widespread and longer-lasting than those of the parasympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division releases neurotransmitters directly into the bloodstream via the adrenal medulla.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the organization of the autonomic nervous system is correct?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic ganglia are located near or within the target organs.

Question 10

A drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the effector organs of the parasympathetic division would most likely cause which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

Reduced contraction of the urinary bladder

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron that innervates the skin of the limbs?

Accepted Answer

Synapses in the sympathetic chain ganglion, then postganglionic fiber rejoins the spinal nerve via the gray ramus

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a collateral ganglion and its primary target organ(s)?

Accepted Answer

Superior mesenteric ganglion – small and large intestine

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is released by most sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 14

A patient is given a drug that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

Increased alertness and energy

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why coma patients can survive for extended periods with proper nourishment?

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system regulates vital functions independently of consciousness.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major effect of parasympathetic stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of hormones that promote nutrient absorption

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

It releases epinephrine and norepinephrine as hormones into the blood.

Question 18

A patient presents with loss of sensation and white/blue coloration in the fingers after exposure to cold. Which mechanism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic constriction of small arteries in the fingers

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the organization of the sympathetic division is correct?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neurons arise from the lateral gray horns of spinal segments T1–L2.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on blood flow during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Blood is redistributed to skeletal muscles.

Autonomic Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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