Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches the type of neuron with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors.

Question 2

Which lobe of the cerebral hemisphere is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 3

A patient is unable to regulate their body temperature and experiences abnormal hunger and thirst. Which part of the diencephalon is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 4

Place the following steps of the reflex arc in the correct order:
1. Effector responds
2. Sensory neuron transmits signal from receptor
3. Interneuron transmits signal directly to motor neuron
4. Motor neuron receives signal from interneuron
5. Stimulus is received from a receptor

Accepted Answer

5, 2, 3, 4, 1

Question 5

During synaptic transmission, what is the correct sequence of events after a neuronal impulse reaches the presynaptic axon bulb?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic vesicles fuse with the axon bulb plasma membrane; neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft; neurotransmitters bind to receptors; sodium ion channels open

Question 6

Which structure on a neuron is primarily responsible for increasing the speed of electrical signal transmission?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 7

A patient has damage to the dorsal root of their spinal cord. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of sensory signals to the spinal cord

Question 8

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 9

Which gland is responsible for producing mineralocorticoids, and what is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex; regulate sodium and potassium balance

Question 10

A person with low blood calcium levels is likely to have increased secretion of which hormone, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin increases glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct pathway for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary

Question 13

A patient presents with symptoms of excessive thirst and urination. Which hormone imbalance is most likely responsible, and which gland is involved?

Accepted Answer

Low antidiuretic hormone; posterior pituitary

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It forms the myelin sheath around axons, increasing conduction speed.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the gland with its anatomical location?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands: located superior to the kidneys

Question 16

A patient has a tumor in the anterior pituitary gland. Which hormone is LEAST likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxin

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Node of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

It allows for saltatory conduction, speeding up nerve impulse transmission.

Question 19

A patient with a damaged parietal lobe would most likely have difficulty with which function?

Accepted Answer

Processing sensory information such as touch and spatial awareness

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in calcium metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts break down bone and increase blood calcium levels.

BIO117 Unit 3 Study Guide – Anatomy & Physiology Guidance

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