Question 1

Which of the following best describes the correct order of increasing complexity in the levels of organization within the human body?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty regulating their blood glucose levels. Which type of feedback mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of H$$^+$$ than OH$$^-.$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that creates a selectively permeable barrier.

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water moves out of the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using ATP.

Question 8

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for diffusion and filtration due to its thin, flat cells?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

A burn patient has lost the epidermis and part of the dermis. Which layer of skin is most likely exposed?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 10

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 11

During endochondral ossification, which structure forms first?

Accepted Answer

Primary ossification center

Question 12

Which joint type allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 13

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Which movement is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Moving the arm away from the midline

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix during bone remodeling.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move 3 Na$$^+$$ out and 2 K$$^+$$ into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer is selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic core prevents passage of water-soluble substances.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export from the cell

Question 18

A patient has a mutation affecting their tight junctions. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased movement of substances between adjacent cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of phases in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

BIOL 1220 Anatomy & Physiology I: Structured Study Guide (Objectives & Key Terms)

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