Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient with blood type O negative requires a transfusion. Which of the following blood types is safest to administer?

Accepted Answer

O negative

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

During the coagulation phase of hemostasis, which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin

Question 5

A person with type AB+ blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Any blood type

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves, but arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure in veins is lower, so valves prevent backflow

Question 7

Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for releasing histamine during an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 8

A patient is experiencing tissue hypoxia. Which hormone is most likely to be released to stimulate red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible binding of oxygen to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + \mathrm{O}_2 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{HbO}_2$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The squeezing of white blood cells through the endothelial lining of blood vessels

Question 11

A patient develops a thrombus in a coronary artery. What is the most likely consequence if the thrombus becomes an embolus?

Accepted Answer

It may block a smaller vessel downstream, causing tissue infarction

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the common pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Activation of Factor X → Prothrombinase formation → Prothrombin to Thrombin → Fibrinogen to Fibrin

Question 13

Which of the following statements about capillaries is correct?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries are the only blood vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs

Question 14

A woman with blood type A negative is pregnant with a fetus who is Rh positive. What is the risk in subsequent pregnancies if she is not treated?

Accepted Answer

Her anti-Rh antibodies may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why most blood is found in the systemic veins at any given time?

Accepted Answer

Veins are more distensible and act as blood reservoirs

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the plasma protein fibrinogen?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a precursor to fibrin in blood clotting

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of precapillary sphincters?

Accepted Answer

They regulate blood flow into individual capillaries

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart

Question 20

A patient with a genetic deficiency in von Willebrand factor would most likely have problems with which phase of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Platelet phase

Blood and Blood Vessels: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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