Question 1

Which of the following best explains why blood flow is slowest in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have the largest total cross-sectional area, which decreases velocity.

Question 2

Which layer of a blood vessel is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 3

A patient experiences a sudden drop in blood pressure. Which of the following mechanisms would the body use to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Activate baroreceptors to increase sympathetic stimulation

Question 4

Which equation correctly describes the relationship between blood flow ($$F$$), pressure gradient ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \Delta P / R$$

Question 5

Which of the following would most likely increase peripheral resistance and thus raise blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 6

Which hormone acts as a vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure during dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

What is the primary function of valves in veins?

Accepted Answer

To prevent backflow of blood

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body; pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 9

A drug that blocks the action of angiotensin II would have which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

Decrease vasoconstriction and lower blood pressure

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of fenestrated capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They have pores that allow rapid exchange of water and solutes.

Question 11

If a person has an increased blood volume, what is the expected effect on stroke volume ($$SV$$), cardiac output ($$CO$$), and blood pressure ($$BP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV$$ increases, $$CO$$ increases, $$BP$$ increases

Question 12

Which of the following local factors would cause vasodilation in a capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased tissue $$O_2$$

Question 13

Which vessel type acts as a 'capacitance vessel' and contains most of the blood volume at rest?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They sense changes in blood pressure and send signals to the medulla oblongata.

Question 15

A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. What is their pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$120 - 80 = 40 mm Hg$$

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely occur if the tunica media of an artery is damaged?

Accepted Answer

The artery would lose its ability to constrict and dilate.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the velocity of blood flow in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

It is lowest in the capillaries due to their large total cross-sectional area.

Question 18

Which of the following chemicals acts as a local vasoconstrictor released by activated platelets?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins

Question 19

Which vessel type is structurally adapted for exchange of materials between blood and body cells?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely result from a decrease in blood viscosity?

Accepted Answer

Decreased peripheral resistance and decreased blood pressure

Blood Vessels and Circulation: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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