$$\text{TBW} = 0.60 \times \text{body weight}$$

$$\text{TBW} = \text{ICF} + \text{ECF}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why newborns have a higher percentage of body water compared to elderly adults?

Accepted Answer

Newborns have a higher proportion of muscle tissue, which contains more water.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which fluid compartment will lose water first?

Accepted Answer

Intravascular fluid (plasma)

Question 3

Which of the following ions is most abundant in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Accepted Answer

K+

Question 4

What is the primary barrier separating the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the interstitial fluid (IF)?

Accepted Answer

Cellular membrane

Question 5

Which of the following substances can freely pass through the capillary membrane?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes

Question 6

If a patient has a deficiency in albumin, which fluid compartment is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intravascular fluid (plasma)

Question 7

Which equation best represents the total body water (TBW) in a healthy adult male?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TBW} = 0.60 	imes 	ext{body weight}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the composition of interstitial fluid compared to plasma?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid contains less protein than plasma.

Question 9

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) saline solution. Which fluid compartment is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Intravascular fluid (plasma)

Question 10

Which of the following is a major function of plasma proteins such as albumin?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood vessels

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why muscle tissue contains more water than adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue is more metabolically active and requires more water for cellular processes.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a shift of water from the interstitial fluid to the intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in extracellular sodium concentration

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 14

A patient with severe burns loses a significant amount of plasma proteins. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased osmotic pressure in the blood vessels

Question 15

Which of the following ions is most abundant in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Na+

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across the cellular membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water passes freely across the cellular membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of electrolyte balance in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A marathon runner experiencing muscle cramps due to low potassium levels.

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the distribution of total body water (TBW) into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TBW} = 	ext{ICF} + 	ext{ECF}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the capillary membrane in fluid movement?

Accepted Answer

It allows free passage of water and electrolytes but restricts proteins and cells.

Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments: Structure, Composition, and Movement

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