뒤로Chapter 6 Skeletal Tissue :Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology
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Bones and Bone Tissue
Overview of the Skeletal System
The skeletal system is a complex organ system that provides structure, protection, and support for the human body. It consists of bones, joints, and supporting tissues.
Bones: The main organs of the skeletal system; adults typically have 206 bones.
Each bone includes:
Bone (Osseous) Tissue
Dense regular collagenous tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Bone Marrow
Functions of the Skeletal System
Bones and the skeletal system perform several vital functions necessary for survival and homeostasis.
Protection: Bones such as the skull, sternum, and ribs protect underlying organs from mechanical damage.
Mineral Storage and Acid-Base Homeostasis: Bones store minerals including calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts, which are essential for various physiological processes and help buffer the blood against excessive pH changes.
Blood Cell Formation: Red bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells.
Fat Storage: Yellow bone marrow contains adipocytes that store triglycerides, serving as an energy reserve.
Movement: Bones serve as attachment sites for skeletal muscles; muscle contraction pulls on bones to generate movement at joints.
Support: The skeleton supports the body’s weight and provides its structural framework.
Classification of Bones by Shape
Bones are classified based on their shapes, which relate to their functions and locations in the body.
Long Bones: Longer than they are wide; found in the limbs (e.g., femur, humerus).
Short Bones: About as long as they are wide, roughly cube-shaped; found in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals).
Flat Bones: Thin and broad; include most skull bones, ribs, sternum, and bones of the pelvis.
Irregular Bones: Have irregular shapes; examples include vertebrae and certain facial bones.
Sesamoid Bones: Small, flat, oval-shaped bones located within tendons; the patella (kneecap) is a classic example.
Example Table: Classification of Bones by Shape
Type | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
Long Bones | Longer than wide | Femur, humerus |
Short Bones | Cube-shaped | Carpals, tarsals |
Flat Bones | Thin, broad | Sternum, skull bones |
Irregular Bones | Complex shapes | Vertebrae |
Sesamoid Bones | Oval, within tendons | Patella |
Key Terms
Osseous Tissue: The primary tissue of bone, providing strength and structure.
Hematopoiesis: The process of blood cell formation, occurring in red bone marrow.
Adipocytes: Fat cells found in yellow bone marrow, storing triglycerides.
Additional info:
Bone tissue is highly vascularized and innervated, allowing for nutrient delivery, waste removal, and sensory functions.
Bone shapes are closely related to their mechanical roles in the body; for example, long bones act as levers, while flat bones provide protection.
