$$\text{Hydroxyapatite mass} = 0.65 \times \text{Total bone mass}$$

$$\text{Bone mass} = \text{Organic mass} + \text{Inorganic mass}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the perichondrium in skeletal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels that deliver nutrients to cartilage.

Question 2

A patient presents with a torn meniscus in the knee. Which type of cartilage is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 3

Which process describes the growth of cartilage from within, where chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 5

A long bone is characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

It is longer than it is wide and found in the limbs.

Question 6

Which bone structure is responsible for anchoring tendons and ligaments to bone?

Accepted Answer

Perforating fibers

Question 7

In adults, where is the most active site of hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Diploë of flat bones and some irregular bones

Question 8

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from hematopoietic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the osteon (Haversian system)?

Accepted Answer

A structural unit of compact bone consisting of concentric lamellae

Question 10

Which equation best represents the proportion of inorganic hydroxyapatite in bone by mass?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hydroxyapatite mass} = 0.65 	imes 	ext{Total bone mass}$$

Question 11

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to a decrease in which bone component?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 12

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle – helps form joints

Question 13

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is organized along lines of stress and contains trabeculae.

Question 14

Which cell type acts as a stress or strain sensor and communicates with osteoblasts and osteoclasts for bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 15

A 25-year-old athlete suffers a fracture at the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired bone length growth

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bone is both strong and flexible?

Accepted Answer

It contains both collagen fibers and mineral salts in the right proportions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of bone cell differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor cell → Osteoblast → Osteocyte

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass, organic, and inorganic components?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone mass} = 	ext{Organic mass} + 	ext{Inorganic mass}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocalcin produced by bone?

Accepted Answer

It regulates insulin secretion and glucose metabolism.

Question 20

A patient with anemia may experience a conversion of yellow marrow to red marrow. This process primarily occurs in which part of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis of long bones

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Microscopic Anatomy

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